Ethnicity and Race, African Americans, Immigrants, Native Americans

Barnett, C. Robert, Dana D Brooks, Dana D Brooks, Ronald C Althouse, and Ronald C Althouse. 2020. The Black Athlete in West Virginia : High School and College Sports from 1900 through the End of Segregation. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. ""This chronicle of sports at West Virginia's 40 black high schools and three black colleges illuminates many issues in race relations and the struggle for social justice within the state and nation. Despite having inadequate resources, the black schools' sports teams thrived during segregation and helped tie the state's scattered black communities together. West Virginia hosted the nation's first state-wide black high school basketball tournament, which flourished for 33 years, and both Bluefield State and West Virginia State won athletic championships in the prestigious Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association (now Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association). Black schools were gradually closed after the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision, and the desegregation of schools in West Virginia was an important step toward equality. For black athletes and their communities, the path to inclusion came with many costs."--Provided by publisher

Battle, Nishaun T. 2020. Black Girlhood, Punishment, and Resistance : Reimagining Justice for Black Girls in Virginia. Intersectional Criminology. New York, NY: Routledge.  https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315267562. "Black Girlhood, Resistance, and Punishment: Reimagining Justice for Black Girls in Virginia provides a historical comprehensive examination of racialized, classed, and gendered punishment of Black girls in Virginia during the early twentieth century. It looks at the ways in which the court system punished Black girls based upon societal accepted norms of punishment of Black girls, hinged on a notion that they were to be viewed and treated as adults within the criminal legal system.” Provided by publisher

Blanton, Dennis B. 2020. Conquistador's Wake : Tracking the Legacy of Hernando De Soto in the Indigenous Southeast. Athens: University of Georgia Press. "The focus of Conquistador's Wake is a decade-long archaeological project undertaken at a place now known as the Glass Site, located in Telfair County, Georgia. This spot, near the town of McRae, Georgia, offers clues that place Hernando de Soto in Georgia via a different route than previously thought by historians and archaeologists. Rare glass beads -- some of the only examples found outside Florida -- are among the rich body of evidence signaling Spanish interaction with the Native Americans along the Ocmulgee River. An unusual number and variety of metal and glass artifacts, identified by their distinct patterns and limited production, are the 'calling cards' of Soto and other early explorers. As a meditation on both the production of knowledge and the implications of findings at the Glass Site, Conquistador's Wake challenges conventional wisdom surrounding the path of Soto through Georgia and casts new light on the nature of Native American societies then residing in southern Georgia. It also provides an insider's view of how archaeology works and why it matters. Through his research, Dennis Blanton sets out to explain the outcome of one of Georgia's, and the region's, most important archaeological projects of recent years. He tells at the same time a highly personal story, from the perspective of the lead archaeologist, about the realities of the research process, from initial problem formulation to the demands of fieldwork, the collaborative process, data interpretation, and scholarly tribalism"-- Provided by publisher

Brewster, Chris. 2017. Spirit Game : Pride of a Nation. Directed by Peter Spirer, Peter Baxter, Alex Rappaport, Marcus Boeltz, One Bowl Productions, and XLrator Media (Firm). XLrator Media. 1 DVD. From container: “Lacrosse originated with the Iroquois, which they call their 'medicine game' and is the lifeblood of their Nation. The Iroquois Nationals Lacrosse Team is not only among the world's best, but ambassadors for their Nation's sovereignty and recognition. In 2015, the Iroquois hosted the World Championships on Native soil for the first time ever, in which history, politics, and culture all collided on the playing field before the eyes of the world”.

Bronner, Simon J, and Joshua R Brown, eds. 2017. Pennsylvania Germans : An Interpretive Encyclopedia. Young Center Books in Anabaptist and Pietist Studies. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 554 pp. Illustrated encyclopedia that surveys the German immigrants who settled in Pennsylvania, US. Made up of nineteen broad, interpretive essays about the history and culture.

Cilli, Adam Lee. 2021. Canaan, Dim and Far: Black Reformers and the Pursuit of Citizenship in Pittsburgh, 1915-1945. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press. "Canaan Dim and Far argue for the importance of Pittsburgh as a case study in analyzing African American civil rights and political advocacy in an urban setting, as the city was situated well between the encroachment of Jim Crow initiatives of the 1910s and the end of World War II. In that respect, it is a study of the "long" Civil Rights Movement before the flashpoint of 1954 and outside of the traditional South. In it, author Adam Cilli shines a light on neglected elements of middle-class black activism in the decades preceding the classic Civil Rights Movement. The book features a revolving cast of social workers, journalists, scholars, and activists in Pittsburgh committed to an expansive vision of citizenship that included access to decent healthcare, adequate housing, and economic opportunity along with political and social dignity. While these reformers developed community programs to salve the physical wounds of inequality and "adjust" migrants to the urban North, they appropriated mainstream discourses to change the system from within. In doing so, they challenged white America to face its contradictions and live up to its democratic ideals"-- Provided by publisher.

Hampton, Henry, Julian Bond, Public Broadcasting Service (U.S.), Blackside, Inc, and Kanopy (Firm), dirs. 2017. Awakenings 1954-1956. Kanopy Streaming. Individual acts of courage inspire black Southerners to fight for their rights: Mose Wright testifies against the white men who murdered young Emmett Till, and Rosa Parks refuses to give up her bus seat to a white man in Montgomery, Alabama.

Hill Edwards, Justene. 2021. Unfree Markets: The Slaves' Economy and the Rise of Capitalism in South Carolina. Columbia Studies in the History of U.s. Capitalism. New York: Columbia University Press. "Centering the slaves' economy in the rapid growth of capitalist enterprise in the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century American South, Justene Hill Edwards explores the detrimental influence of capitalist innovation on slaves' economic pursuits in South Carolina, the most pro-slavery state in America. Examining the strategies enslaved people used to make money and obtain goods for themselves, and one of the fullest accounts to date of slaves' market practices, Edwards argues that the slaves' economy helped to fuel South Carolina's economic growth--which meant a continuation of the violent and exploitative regime that shaped slave's lives. Enslaved peoples' slow loss of economic autonomy coincided with the capitalist evolution of slavery. Edwards starts by looking at the economic activity of slaves during colonial era South Carolina, considering how they navigated the laws and institutions of slavery in trading with both free and enslaved people. She looks at how the social unrest of the American Revolution provided an opportunity for increased trade and explores the growing autonomy enslaved people saw in trade, often formalized through the courts. However, as the plantations turned their attention to increased profitability, plantation owners increasingly looked to their slave's economic activity as a source of profit. So began the erosion of economic autonomy, as the gains from trade were increasingly captured by slave owners"-- Provided by publisher

Glotzer, Paige. 2020. How the Suburbs Were Segregated : Developers and the Business of Exclusionary Housing, 1890-1960. Columbia Studies in the History of U.s. Capitalism. New York: Columbia University Press. "The story of the rise of the segregated suburb often begins during the New Deal and the Second World War, when sweeping federal policies hollowed out cities, pushed rapid suburbanization, and created a white homeowner class intent on defending racial barriers. Paige Glotzer offers a new understanding of the deeper roots of suburban segregation. The mid-twentieth-century policies that favored exclusionary housing were not simply the inevitable result of popular and elite prejudice, she reveals, but the culmination of a long-term effort by developers to use racism to structure suburban real estate markets. Glotzer charts how the real estate industry shaped residential segregation, from the emergence of large-scale suburban development in the 1890s to the postwar housing boom. Focusing on the Roland Park Company as it developed Baltimore's wealthiest, whitest neighborhoods, she follows the money that financed early segregated suburbs, including the role of transnational capital, mostly British, in the U.S. housing market. She also scrutinizes the business practices of real estate developers, from vetting homebuyers to negotiating with municipal governments for services. She examines how they sold the idea of the suburbs to consumers and analyzes their influence in shaping local and federal housing policies. Glotzer then details how Baltimore's experience informed the creation of a national real estate industry with professional organizations that lobbied for planned segregated suburbs. How the Suburbs Were Segregated sheds new light on the power of real estate developers in shaping the origins and mechanisms of a housing market in which racial exclusion and profit are still inextricably intertwined"-- Provided by publisher.

Junaluska Heritage Association (Boone, N.C.). 2020. Junaluska : Oral Histories of a Black Appalachian Community. Edited by Susan E Keefe. Contributions to Southern Appalachian Studies, 48. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. "Junaluska is one of the oldest African American communities in western North Carolina and one of the few that has persisted into the modern era. After Emancipation, many former slaves in Watauga County became sharecroppers, were allowed to clear land and to keep a portion, or bought property outright, all in the segregated neighborhood on the hill overlooking the town of Boone, North Carolina. Land and home ownership have been crucial to the survival of this community, whose residents are closely interconnected as extended families and neighbors. Missionized by white Krimmer Mennonites in the early twentieth century, their church is one of a handful of African American Mennonite Brethren churches in the United States, and it provides one of the few avenues for leadership in the local black community. Susan Keefe has worked closely with members of the community in editing this book, which is based on three decades of participatory research. These life history narratives adapted from interviews with residents (born between 1885 and 1993) offer a people's history of the black experience in the southern mountains. Their stories provide a unique glimpse into the lives of African Americans in Appalachia during the 20th century-and a community determined to survive through the next."-- Provided by publisher.

Klotz, Sarah. 2021. Writing Their Bodies: Restoring Rhetorical Relations at the Carlisle Indian School. Logan: Utah State University Press. "1879-1918, the Carlisle Indian Industrial School, the first off-reservation Indigenous American boarding school, housed 10,000 students and was a prototype for boarding schools across the continent. Analyzes pedagogical philosophies and curricular materials through the perspective of written and visual student texts during the first three-year term"--Provided by publisher

Lawton, Christopher R, Laura E Nelson, and Randy L Reid, eds. 2021. Seen/Unseen: Hidden Lives in a Community of Enslaved Georgians. New Perspectives on the Civil War Era. Athens: University of Georgia Press. "The author-editors of Seen/unseen: hidden lives in a Georgia slave community draw upon the letters and documents left behind by the Cobb-Lamar family to uncover the lost histories of enslaved peoples in the South. Each of the book's three sections begins with an introductory essay that provides context regarding the primary documents and letters included in the section. The first two sections explore the daily lives and relationships of slaves on several of the Cobb-Lamar plantations and their attempts to exert agency over their enslaved conditions. The last section examines closely the life of Aggy, Howell and Mary Ann Cobb's most trusted house servant"-- Provided by publisher.

Makematic (Firm), dir. 2020. Untold. Makematic.  http://www.aspresolver.com/aspresolver.asp?MARC;5113129. You know the story of David and Goliath, right? Well, America has its own version. Only our hero is 15-year-old African-American, school girl Claudette Colvin, and in 1955, she took on the State of Alabama for real. The original Rosa Parks!

McDevitt, Cody, and Tony Norman. 2020. Banished from Johnstown : Racist Backlash in Pennsylvania. Charleston, SC: History Press."In 1923, in response to the fatal shooting of four policemen, the mayor of Johnstown ordered every African American and Mexican immigrant who had lived in the city for less than seven years to leave. They were given less than a day to move or would face crippling fines or jail time and were forced out at gunpoint. An estimated two thousand people uprooted their lives in response to the racist edict. Area Ku Klux Klan members celebrated the creation of a 'sundown town' and increased their own intimidation practices. Figures such as Marcus Garvey spoke out in Pittsburgh against it as newspapers throughout the country published condemnations. Author and journalist Cody McDevitt tells the story of one of the worst civil rights injustices in Western Pennsylvania history." --Amazon description (viewed Jan. 29, 2020).

Meyers, David, and Elise Meyers Walker. 2020. Historic Black Settlements of Ohio. Charleston, SC: History Press. In the years leading up to the Civil War, Ohio had more African American settlements than any other state. Owing to a common border with slave states, it became a destination for people of color seeking to separate themselves from slavey. Despite these communities having populations that sometimes numbered in the hundreds, little is known about most of them, and by the beginning of the twentieth century, nearly all had lost their ethnic indentites as the original settlers died off and their descendants moved away. This book pieces together the stories of more than 40 of these black settlements.

Obermiller, Phillip J, and Thomas E Wagner. 2017. The Cincinnati Human Relations Commission: A History, 1943-2013. Athens: Ohio University Press. The Cincinnati Human Relations Commission: A History, 1943-2013, is a decade-by-decade chronicle of the agency: its accomplishments, challenges, and failures. The purpose of municipal human relations agencies like the CHRC was to give minority groups access to local government through internal advocacy, education, mediation, and persuasion--in clear contrast to the tactics of lawsuits, sit-ins, boycotts, and marches adopted by many external, nongovernmental organizations. In compiling this history, Phillip J. Obermiller and Thomas E. Wagner have drawn on an extensive base of archival records, reports, speeches, and media sources.

Rodning, Christopher B.  Center Places and Cherokee Towns: Archaeological Perspectives on Native American Architecture and Landscape in the Southern Appalachians.  University Alabama Press; First edition (December 3, 2019).  276 pgs.  Rodning argues that Cherokee households and towns were anchored within their cultural and natural landscapes by built features that acted as “center places.”  Rodning investigates the period from just before the first Spanish contact with sixteenth-century Native American chiefdoms in La Florida through the development of formal trade relations between Native American societies and English and French colonial provinces in the American South during the late 1600s and 1700s. Rodning focuses particularly on the Coweeta Creek archaeological site in the upper Little Tennessee Valley in southwestern North Carolina and describes the ways in which elements of the built environment were manifestations of Cherokee senses of place.  Drawing on archaeological data, delving into primary documentary sources dating from the eighteenth century, and considering Cherokee myths and legends remembered and recorded during the nineteenth century, Rodning shows how the arrangement of public structures and household dwellings in Cherokee towns both shaped and were shaped by Cherokee culture. Rodning explores the ways in which Cherokee architecture and the built environment were sources of cultural stability in the aftermath of European contact, and how the course of European contact altered the landscape of Cherokee towns in the long run.

Rong, Xue Lan, and Jeremy Hilburn, eds. 2017. Immigration and Education in North Carolina: The Challenges and Responses in a New Gateway State. Breakthroughs in the Sociology of Education, Volume 6. Rotterdam: Sense. 266 pp.  This book brings together 17 scholars who have extensive experience working with immigrants in North Carolina and represent a wide range of educational expertise. Together, their studies illustrate the intersections between historical contexts (geopolitical, historical constraints), structural factors (power, policies and laws, institutions and organization), cultural issues (philosophies, ideologies, identities, beliefs, values, and traditions), and immigrant students' characteristics on the development of educational practices, policies, reforms, and resistance.

Segal, Theodore D. 2021. Point of Reckoning: The Fight for Racial Justice at Duke University. Durham: Duke University Press. "Theodore D. Segal narrates the fraught and contested fight for racial justice at Duke University--which accepted its first black undergraduates in 1963--to tell both a local and national story about the challenges that historically white colleges and universities throughout the country continue to face."-- Provided by publisher

Spencer, Darla.  Woodland Mounds in West Virginia (American Heritage).  The History Press (July 1, 2019).  144 pgs.  Although more than four hundred mounds have been recorded in West Virginia, it was not until the 1880s that Smithsonian Institution investigations revealed that the mound builders were the ancestors of living Native Americans. These mounds included the Grave Creek Mound in Marshall County, once the largest conical mound in North America. Spencer, an archaeologist, discusses the Grave Creek Mound and sixteen additional Adena mounds and groups of mounds in West Virginia from the fascinating Woodland period.

Steiner, Linda, and Silvio Waisbord. 2017. News of Baltimore: Race, Rage and the City. Routledge Research in Journalism. Milton: Taylor and Francis. This book examines how the media approached long-standing and long-simmering issues of race, class, violence, and social responsibility in Baltimore during the demonstrations, violence, and public debate in the spring of 2015.

Thompson, Douglas E. 2017. Richmond's Priests and Prophets: Race, Religion, and Social Change in the Civil Rights Era. Religion and American Culture. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. 200 pp. Explores the ways in which white Christian leaders in Richmond, Virginia navigated the shifting legal and political battles around desegregation.

Trotter, Joe William. 2020. Pittsburgh and the Urban League Movement : A Century of Social Service and Activism. Civil Rights and the Struggle for Black Equality in the Twentieth Century. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. "During the Great Migration, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, became a mecca for African Americans seeking better job opportunities, wages, and living conditions. The city's thriving economy and vibrant social and cultural scenes inspired dreams of prosperity and a new start, but this urban haven was not free of discrimination and despair. In the face of injustice, activists formed the Urban League of Pittsburgh (ULP) in 1918 to combat prejudice and support the city's growing African American population. In this broad-ranging history, Joe William Trotter Jr. uses this noteworthy branch of the National Urban League to provide new insights into an organization that has often faced criticism for its social programs' deep class and gender limitations. Surveying issues including housing, healthcare, and occupational mobility, Trotter underscores how the ULP-often in concert with the Urban League's national headquarters-bridged social divisions to improve the lives of black citizens of every class. He also sheds new light on the branch's nonviolent direct-action campaigns and places these powerful grassroots operations within the context of the modern Black Freedom Movement. The impact of the National Urban League is a hotly debated topic in African American social and political history. Trotter's study provides valuable new insights that demonstrate how the organization has relieved massive suffering and racial inequality in US cities for more than a century"-- Provided by publisher.

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Indian Affairs. 2017. S. 2285, S. 3234, S. 3261, and H.R. 4685: hearing before the Committee on Indian Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, second session, September 7, 2016. 47 pp. 

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Indian Affairs. 2017. Thomasina E. Jordan Indian Tribes of Virginia Federal Recognition Act of 2017: Report (to Accompany S. 691) (Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). Report / 115th Congress, 1st Session, Senate, 115-123. Washington, D.C.: U. S. Government Publishing Office. 11 pp.

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Indian Affairs. 2020. To Clarify Certain Provisions of Public Law 103-116, the Catawba Indian Tribe of South Carolina Land Claims Settlement Act of 1993, and for Other Purposes : Report (to Accompany S. 790) (Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). Report / 116th Congress, 2d Session, Senate, 116-307. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Publishing Office.

White, Charles Dodd. 2020. How Fire Runs : A Novel. Athens, Ohio: Swallow Press, Ohio University Press. "A chilling, timely reminder of the moral and human costs of racial hatred. What happens when a delusional white supremacist and his army of followers decide to create a racially pure 'Little Europe' within a rural Tennessee community? As the town's residents grapple with their new reality, minor skirmishes escalate and dirty politics, scandals, and a cataclysmic chain of violence follows. In this uncanny reflection of our time, award-winning novelist Charles Dodd White asks whether Americans can save themselves from their worst impulses and considers the consequences when this salvation comes too late"-- Provided by publisher.