Frontier and Pioneer Life, Pre-Industrial Appalachia

Colonial and settlement eras, seventeenth to mid-nineteenth century history, Indian Wars

Abram, Susan M.  2012.  “‘To Keep Bright the Bonds of Friendship’: The Making of a Cherokee-American Alliance during the Creek War” [1813-1814; Ala., Ga., Tenn.].  Tennessee Historical Quarterly 71, no. 3 (Fall): 228-257.

Achenbach, Joel.  2004.  The Grand Idea: George Washington’s Potomac and the Race to the West [1784 tour; Potomac River Valley].  New York: Simon & Schuster.  367 pp.

Alder, Henry Clay.  2002.  A History of Jonathan Alder: His Captivity and Life With the Indians [b. 1773; Ohio; Shawnee and Mingo Indians].  Transcribed with a foreword by Doyle H. Davison; compiled, annotated, and edited, and with an introduction by Larry L. Nelson.  Series on Ohio History and Culture.  Akron, Oh.: University of Akron Press.  222 pp.

Allegheny City Society (Pittsburgh, Pa.).  2007.  Allegheny City, 1840-1907 [vintage photos].  Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia .  127 pp.  Founded in 1787, annexed to Pittsburgh in 1907, and known today as Pittsburgh’s “North Side.”

Anderson, Fred.  2000.  Crucible of War: The Seven Years’ War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754-1766.  New York: Knopf.  960 pp.

Aron, Stephen Aron.  2004.  “The Making of the First American West and the Unmaking of Other Realms.”  In  A Companion to the American West, ed. W. Deverell, 5-24.  Malden, Mass.: Blackwell.

Aron, Stephen.  1996.  How the West Was Lost: The Transformation of Kentucky From Daniel Boone to Henry Clay.  Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.  285 pp.

Aron, Stephen.  1998.  “Pigs and Hunters: ‘Rights in the Woods’ on the Trans-Appalachian Frontier” [Ohio Valley Indians and pioneers].  In Contact Points: American Frontiers from the Mohawk Valley to the Mississippi, 1750-1830, ed. A. Cayton, R. Teute, 175-204.  Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Aron, Stephen.  1999.  “‘The Poor Men to Starve’: The Lives and Times of Workingmen in Early Lexington” [c. 1800].  In The Buzzel About Kentuck: Settling the Promised Land, ed. C. Friend, 174-193.  Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.

Aronow, Louisa.  2006.  “Finding Maryland’s First Friends: Mom’s Looking Up Dead People Again” [researching Friend family genealogy, Friendsville, Md., from 1750].  Now & Then: The Appalachian Magazine 22, no. 1 (Spring): 40-42.

Axelrod, Alan.  2007.  Blooding at Great Meadows: Young George Washington and the Battle That Shaped the Man.  Philadelphia, Pa.: Running Press.  270 pp.  War for the Ohio Country; Fort Necessity (Pa.), 1754.

Baker, Mark A.  1998.  Sons of a Trackless Forest: Cumberland Long Hunters of the Eighteenth Century.  Franklin, Tenn.: Baker’s Trace Publishing.  928 pp.

Banta, R. E.  [1949] 1998.  The Ohio.  Reprint, with a new foreword by Thomas D. Clark.  Ohio River Valley Series.  Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.  608 pp.  Originally published: New York: Rinehart, in Rivers of America series.

Barksdale, Kevin T.  2003.  “Our Rebellious Neighbors: Virginia’s Border Counties During Pennsylvania’s Whiskey Rebellion” [1791-1794].  Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 111 (no. 1): 5-32.

Barksdale, Kevin T.  2007.  “The Spanish Conspiracy on the Trans-Appalachian Borderlands, 1786-1789” [to unite Tennessee Valley settlements with the Louisiana Territory].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 13, no. 1-2 (Spring-Fall): 96-123.

Barksdale, Kevin T.  2009.  The Lost State of Franklin: America’s First Secession [1784].  Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.  283 pp.  Separatists’ four-year attempt to break from N.C. and gain statehood for the area that is today eastern Tenn.

Barner, Christopher.  2009.  “Colonial Settlement Patterns in Pennsylvania’s Cumberland Valley.”  Pennsylvania Geographer 47, no. 1 (Fall/Winter): 49-71.  Mapping and statistics-based analysis.

Barnes, L. Diane.  1997.  “Booster Ethos: Community, Image, and Profit in Early Clarksburg” [19th century; Harrison Co.].  West Virginia History 56: 27-42.

Barnes, L. Diane.  2001.  “Building Communities Out of Frontiers: The Grist Mills of Harrison County, West Virginia, 1784-1860.”  Journal of Appalachian Studies 7 (Fall): 285-299.

Barr, Daniel P.  2012.  “Did Pennsylvania Have a Middle Ground?: Examining Indian-White Relations on the Eighteenth-Century Pennsylvania Frontier” [review essay].  Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography136, no. 4 (October): 337-363.

Barr, Daniel P., ed.  2012.  “Hidden Gems” [short essays on eighteenth-century Pennsylvania backcountry].  Special issue, Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 136, no. 4 (October): 457-513.  Essays: The Map That Reveals the Deception of the 1737 Walking Purchase, 457 / Steven C. Harper -- Charting the Colonial Backcountry: Joseph Shippen’s Map of the Susquehanna River, 461 / Katherine Faull -- John Harris, Historical Interpretation, and the Standing Stone Mystery Revealed, 466 / Linda A. Ries -- Rev. John Elder and Identity in the Pennsylvania Backcountry, 470 / Kevin Yeager -- A Failed Peace: The Friendly Association and the Pennsylvania Backcountry during the Seven Years’ War, 472 / Michael Goode -- Letter to Farmers in Pennsylvania: John Dickinson Writes to the Paxton Boys, 475 / Jane E. Calvert -- The Kittanning Destroyed Medal, 478 / Brandon C. Downing --Pennsylvania’s Warrantee Township Maps, 482 /Pat Speth Sherman -- Joseph Priestley House, 485 / Patricia Likos Ricci -- Ezechiel Sangmeister’s Way of Life in Greater Pennsylvania, 488 / Elizabeth Lewis Pardoe -- John McMillan’s Journal: Presbyterian Sacramental Occasions and the Second Great Awakening, 492 / James L. Gorman -- An Eighteenth-Century Linguistic Borderland, 495 / Sean P. Harvey -- Buried in Plain Sight: Indian “Curiosities” in Du Simitière’s American Museum, 499 / Mairin Odle -- Fort Rice, 503 / Brian J. Mast -- A Voice in the Wilderness: Alexander Addison’s Case for Peace during the Whiskey Rebellion, 506 / Jeffrey Meyer -- “Upon God Knows What Ground”: African American Slavery in Western Pennsylvania, 509 / Y’Hoshua R. Murray -- Little Britain Ledgers, 512 / Michelle M. Mormul.

Barr, Daniel P., ed.  2012.  “Introduction” [“Eighteenth-Century Pennsylvania Backcountry”].  Special issue, Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 136, no. 4 (October): 331-335.

Bartlett, Richard A.  2006.  “Frontier Heritage.”  In The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture, Vol. 3: History, ed. C. Wilson, 99-106.  Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Bassitt, Helen M.  2009.  Rumors of War.  Kanawha Chronicles, vol. 2.  Charleston, W. Va.: Evergreen Syndicate.  269 pp.  Stories from Revolutionary War-era through WWII, Kanawha River Valley, W. Va.

Bassitt, Helen M.  2009.  Tales from Coalsmouth.  Kanawha Chronicles, vol. 1.  Charleston, W. Va.: Evergreen Syndicate.  220 pp.  Settlement-era 1700s in St. Albans, W. Va., in the Kanawha River Valley.

Batson, Mann.  1995.  Early Travel and Accommodations Along the Roads of the Upper Part of Greenville County, South Carolina and Surrounding Areas.  Self-published, 203 Love Dr., Travelers Rest, S.C. 29690.  192 pp.

Battistini, Robert.  2009.  “Federalist Decline and Despair on the Pennsylvanian Frontier: Hugh Henry Brackenridge’s Modern Chivalry” [800-page picaresque novel (1792-1815)].  Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 133, no. 2 (April): 149-166.

Beeman, Richard R.  2004.  “The Unsettling Political Cultures of the Backcountry: The Southern Backcountry” [Va. and the Carolinas].  Chap. 6 in The Varieties of Political Experience in Eighteenth-Century America, 157-182.  Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Belue, Ted Franklin, ed.  1997.  A Sketch of the Life and Character of Daniel Boone: A Memoir by Peter Houston[written in 1842].  Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books.  96 pp.

Belue, Ted Franklin.  1996.  The Long Hunt: Death of the Buffalo East of the Mississippi    [historical accounts; pre-1830].  Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books.  237 pp.

Belue, Ted Franklin.  2003.  The Hunters of Kentucky: A Narrative History of America’s First Far West, 1750-1792.  Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole. 315 pp.

Bergmann, William H.  2008.  “A ‘Commercial View of this Unfortunate War’: Economic Roots of an American National State in the Ohio Valley, 1775-1795” [Ky.].  Early American Studies, An Interdisciplinary Journal 6, no. 1: 137-164.  Military presence quells Indian attacks.

Bergmann, William H.  2008.  “Delivering a Nation through the Mail: The Post Office in the Ohio Valley, 1789-1815.”  Ohio Valley History 8, no. 3 (Fall): 1-18.  Roads, political economy and westward expansion.

Bergmann, William H.  2012.  The American National State and the Early West.  New York: Cambridge University Press.  288 pp.  Ohio River Valley and the southern Great Lakes.

Blackmon, Richard.  2012.  Dark and Bloody Ground: The American Revolution Along the Southern Frontier.  Yardley, Pa.: Westholme.  310 pp.  The author “explains the complex points of contact in Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia between native groups and settlers....[and] also explains the critical role of the southern frontier to the American victory...achieved long after the decision at Yorktown.”

Blair, Anthony L.  2008.  “Schism on the Susquehanna: Community and Congregational Conflict on the Pennsylvania Frontier during the Era of the Great Awakening.”  Pennsylvania History 75, no. 1 (Winter): 1-25.  Dauphin County; Presbyterians.

Blessing, Tim H.  1998.  “The Upper Juniata Valley” [south-central Pa.].  In Beyond Philadelphia: The American Revolution in the Pennsylvania Hinterland, ed. J. Frantz, W. Pencak, 153-170.  University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.

Blethen, H. Tyler, and Curtis W. Wood, Jr.  1997.  “Scotch-Irish Frontier Society in Southwestern North Carolina, 1780-1840.”  In Ulster and North America: Transatlantic Perspectives on the Scotch-Irish, ed. H. Blethen, C. Wood, Jr., 213-226.  Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.

Blethen, H. Tyler.  1994.  “The Transmission of Scottish Culture to the Southern Back Country.”  In Appalachian Adaptations to a Changing World, ed. Norma Myers.  Journal of the Appalachian Studies Association 6: 59-72.  Johnson City: East Tennessee State University, Center for Appalachian Studies and Services.

Blethen, H. Tyler.  2004.  “Pioneer Settlement.”  In High Mountains Rising: Appalachia in Time and Place, ed. R. Straw and H. Blethen, 17-29.  Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Boone, Nathan.  [1999] 2012.  My Father, Daniel Boone: The Draper Interviews with Nathan Boone [1851].  Edited by Neal O. Hammon; Introduction by Nelson L. Dawson.  Rpt. ed.  Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.  180 pp.

Boyd-Bragg, Dorothy A., ed.  2005.  Portals to Shenandoah Valley Folkways.  Staunton, Va.: Published by Lot’s Wife Publishing for the Augusta County Historical Society and the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society.  137 pp.  Contents: Introduction: Portals to Shenandoah Valley folkways / John L. Heatwole -- The landscape of memory / John L. Heatwole -- “All of ‘em had to be belled”: two hundred and fifty years of cattle drives and grazing in western Virginia / Nancy T. Sorrells -- The real thing: traditions & technology in the Shenandoah Valley / Scott Hamilton Suter -- Comfort foods and food remedies in 19th-century cooking manuals / Danielle M. Torisky.

Breazeale, J. W. M.  2009 [1842].  Life as It Is, or, Matters and Things in General: Containing amongst Other Things, Historical Sketches of the Exploration and First Settlement of the State of Tennessee [from 1760s–  ].  Foreword by Durwood Dunn.  Appalachian Echoes series.  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.  256 pp.  Originally published: Knoxville: Printed by J. Williams.

Britton, David.  2012.  “Desperate Enterprizes and Men of Broken Fortunes: Loyalty and Identity on the Tennessee Frontier, 1793-1794” [Middle Tenn.].  Tennessee Historical Quarterly 70, no. 4 (Winter): 288-299.

Brown, Ellen Apperson.  2003.  “What Really Happened at Drapers Meadows?: The Evolution of a Frontier Legend.”  Smithfield Review: Studies in the History of the Region West of the Blue Ridge 7: 5-21.  Drapers Meadow Massacre of 1755 near present-day Blacksburg, Va., resulted in Mary Draper Ingles’ legendary Shawnee captivity and escape.  This article examines two written accounts of the massacre, based on family oral histories, by Letitia Preston Floyd and John P. Hale, great grandson of Ingles.  James Alexander Thom, author of Follow the River (1981) is also mentioned.

Brown, Meredith Mason.  2009.  “The Central Role of William Preston and Other Smithfield Region Leaders in the Opening Up of Kentucky” [1740s-1780s; Blacksburg, Va.].  Smithfield Review: Studies in the History of the Region West of the Blue Ridge 13: 29-42.

Brown, William Dodd.  1999.  “Dangerous Situation, Delayed Response: Col. John Bowman and the Kentucky Expedition of 1777" [Boonesborough].  Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 97 (Spring): 137-158.

Bruckner, Martin.  2005.  “Mapping the ‘American South’: Image, Archive, and the Textual Construction of Regional Identity in the Age of Washington” [Appalachian Mountains as western border].  Chap. 2 in George Washington’s South, ed. T. Harvey and G. O’Brien, 42-68.  Gainesville: University Press of Florida.

Bruggeman, Seth C.  2010.  “The Shenandoah River Gundalow” [boat].  Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 118, no. 4: 314-349.  Discusses early 19th-century river commerce especially with use of flat-bottomed gundalow boats which were scrapped and sold with their cargo at final destination.

Brunot, William K.  2009.  “The Building of the Lewis and Clark Boat in Pittsburgh” [1803].  Western Pennsylvania History 92, no. 4 (Winter): 22-37.  Drawings, maps; keelboat and barge building industry, 1780s-1790s.  (See also: “Lewis & Clark’s Boat: Barging West,” by David Purdy, pp. 38-47).

Buchanan, John.  2001.  Jackson’s Way: Andrew Jackson and the People of the Western Waters [military history; Tenn. frontier; Indian resettlement].  New York: Wiley.  434 pp.

Burns, David M.  2000.  Gateway: Dr. Thomas Walker and the Opening of Kentucky [1750s exploration; Cumberland Gap; 90 illustrations].  Introduction by Thomas D. Clark. Middlesboro, Ky.: Bell County Historical Society.  100 pp.

Burton, K. Melissa.  2008.  Kentucky’s Boone: The Pioneer Spirit [juvenile literature].  Illustrations by James Asher.  Kuttawa, Ky.: McClanahan.  32 pp.

Butts, Edward.  2011.  Simon Girty: Wilderness Warrior [1741-1818;  Ohio Valley].  Toronto: Dundurn Press.  276 pp.  “Scorned by his fellow white frontiersmen as an ‘Indian lover,’ Girty became an Indian agent for the British. He accompanied Native raids against Americans, spied deep into enemy territory, and was influential in convincing the tribes to fight for the British .... In U.S. history books he is a villain even worse than Benedict Arnold. Yet in Canada, Girty is regarded as a Loyalist hero.”

Caldwell, John.  1997.  “The Creation of Allegheny County” [Pa.; 1788; from division of Washington and Westmoreland Cos.].  Pittsburgh History 80 (Spring): 26-31.

Calhoon, Robert M.  2009.  “Ordered Liberty in the Southern Backcountry and the Middle West.”  Chap. 3 in Political Moderation in America’s First Two Centuries, by R. Calhoon, 146-195.  New York: Cambridge University Press.  An earlier version of this paper was published in the online Journal of Backcountry Studies, vol. 1, no. 2 (Fall, 2006): 13 pp.  http://libjournal.uncg.edu/ojs/index.php/jbc/issue/view/14.

Calloway, Brenda C.  2002.  Trek of the Ancient Spirits: Early History of Bays Mountain [Tenn.; natural history, Native Americans; frontier life].  Johnson City, Tenn.: Overmountain Press.  118 pp.

Calloway, Colin G.  2006.  The Scratch of a Pen: 1763 and the Transformation of North America.  Pivotal Moments in American History.  New York: Oxford University Press.  219 pp.

Campbell, William J.  2009.  “An Adverse Patron: Land, Trade, and George Croghan.” Pennsylvania History 76, no. 2 (Spring): 117-140.  18th-century trader and speculator; Ohio Country; Onandaga; Seven Years’ War.

Campbell, William J.  2012.  Speculators in Empire: Iroquoia and the 1768 Treaty of Fort Stanwix.  Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.  278 pp.  Chap. 2 is titled, “The Carrying Place, War, and the Ohio Country.

Caruso, John Anthony.  [1959] 2003.  The Appalachian Frontier: America’s First Surge Westward.  Reprint, with an introduction by John C. Inscoe.  Appalachian Echoes.  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.  408 pp.  Originally published: Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.

Cashin, Edward J.  2000.  William Bartram and the American Revolution on the Southern Frontier [elucidates Quaker/naturalist Bartram’s 18th-century travel writings].  Columbia: University of South Carolina Press.  319 pp.

Cashin, Edward.  1998.  “From Creeks to Crackers” [Ga].  In The Southern Colonial Backcountry: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Frontier Communities, ed. D. Crass, et al., 69-75.  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Cayton, Andrew R. L.  2001.  “Artery and Border: The Ambiguous Development of the Ohio Valley in the Early Republic.”  Ohio Valley History 1, no. 1 (Winter): 19-26.  “The Ohio River and its tributaries were the tyrants of the valley. No farmer could expect to do well financially without easy access to navigable water.”

Cayton, Andrew R. L.  2005.  “The Significance of Ohio in the Early American Republic.”  Introduction to The Center of a Great Empire: The Ohio Country in the Early American Republic, ed. A. Cayton and S. Hobbs, 1-9.  Athens: Ohio University Press.

Chartrand, René.  2012.  Tomahawk and Musket: French and Indian Raids in the Ohio Valley 1758. Oxford: Osprey.  80 pp.  Heavily illustrated.

Clark, Thomas D.  [1957] 2005.  “The Common-Man Tradition in the Literature of the Frontier” [reprinted from the Michigan Alumnus Review].  Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 103, nos.1-2: 125-142.

Clark, Thomas D., and John D. W. Guice.  [1989] 1996.  The Old Southwest, 1795-1830: Frontiers in Conflict.  Reprint, with a foreword by Howard R. Lamar.  Norman: University of Oklahoma.  335 pp.

Clayton, LaReine Warden.  1995.  Stories of Early Inns and Taverns of the East Tennessee Country [endpapers map: “Routes of Migration in the Old East Tennessee Country, 1760-1860”].  Edited by Jane Gray Buchanan; foreword by Wilma Dykeman.  Nashville: National Society of the Colonial Dames of America in the State of Tennessee.  178 pp.

Clements, Paul.  2005.  “Tennessee Notes: An Analysis of ‘The Original’ Donelson Journal and Associated Accounts of the Donelson Party Voyage” [1779-1780; Col. John Donelson; Cumberland River to Nashville].  Tennessee Historical Quarterly 64, no. 4 (Winter): 338-349.

Coonts, Violet Gadd, assisted by Gilbert Gray Coonts and Harold Cart Gadd. [1981, 1991] 2008.  The Western Waters: Early Settlers of Eastern Barbour County, West Virginia.  3rd ed.  Colorado Springs, Colo.: Stephen P. Coonts.  439 pp.  Originally published: Buckhannon, W. Va.: V. G. Coonts.

Coonts, Violet Gadd.  [1991] 2008.  The Western Waters: Early Settlers of Eastern Barbour County, West Virginia[1700s].  3rd ed.  By Violet Gadd Coonts (1913-2007), assisted by Gilbert Gray Coonts, and Harold Cart Gadd.  Colorado Springs, Colo.: S.P. Coonts.  442 pp.

Cooper, Patricia Irwin.  2012.  “Cabins and Deerskins: Log Building and the Charles Town Indian Trade” [now Charleston, Bradley Co., Tenn.].  Tennessee Historical Quarterly 71, no. 1 (Spring): 2-15.  “How can we account for Cherokee log building so early...” [early 1700s].

Crass, David Colin, Steven D. Smith, Martha A. Zierden, and Richard D. Brooks.  1998. “Introduction: Southern Frontier Communities Viewed Through the Archaeological Eye.” In The Southern Colonial Backcountry: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Frontier Communities, ed. D. Crass, et al., xiii-xxvii.  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Crass, David Colin, Steven D. Smith, Martha A. Zierden, and Richard D. Brooks, ed.  1998.  The Southern Colonial Backcountry: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Frontier Communities [Va., N.C., S.C., Tenn.].  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.  288 pp.

Crawford, B. Scott.  2008.  “A Frontier of Fear: Terrorism and Social Tension along Virginia’s Western Waters, 1742–1775.”  West Virginia History, n.s. 2, no. 2 (Fall): 1-29.  Shawnee, Cherokee; Shenandoah Valley, Ohio Valley.

Crawford, Dan.  2002.  “Batteaux on Virginia’s Rivers.”  Smithfield Review: Studies in the History of the Region West of the Blue Ridge 6: 6-25.  Map; transport statistics.  Includes the James, Roanoke/Staunton, and New Rivers.

Crawford, Jim.  1999.  “Bottom Creek -- From Community to Conservancy.”  Smithfield Review: Studies in the History of the Region West of the Blue Ridge 3: 37-51.  Local history from prehistory to 1950s demise to 1988 purchase by the Nature Conservancy (Montgomery Co., Va.).

Crawford, Scott.  1998.  “Ties to External Markets: Imports and Exports in the New River Valley, 1745-1789.”  Smithfield Review: Studies in the History of the Region West of the Blue Ridge 2: 23-38.

Crist, Robert G.  1998.  “Cumberland County” [comprised western Pa., 1750-1771].  In Beyond Philadelphia: The American Revolution in the Pennsylvania Hinterland, ed. J. Frantz, W. Pencak, 105-132.  University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.

Crocker, Thomas E.  2009.  Braddock’s March: How the Man Sent to Seize a Continent Changed American History.  Yardley, Pa.: Westholme.  335 pp.  British General Edward Braddock’s disastrous 1755 expedition from present day Cumberland, Md. to Pittsburgh, across the Alleghenies, against Fort Duquesne and subsequent defeat by the French and Indians.

Crotty, Gene.  2002.  Jefferson’s Western Travels: Over Virginia’s Blue Ridge Mountains. Charlottesville, Va.: The Author].  225 pp.  Contents: Western Virginia legal practice, August 19, 1767 to August 20, 1773 -- To Natural Bridge, Rockbridge County, Virginia, August 23, 1767 -- To “Marlboro” country, Frederick County, Virginia, October 17-24, 1783 -- To Bath County, Virginia, August 4-31, 1818 -- Appendix A. “Selim” the Algerine -- Appendix B. Retracing Jefferson’s western travels on modern state roads.

Crytzer, Brady.  2011.  Major Washington’s Pittsburgh and the Mission to Fort Le Boeuf [1753]. Charleston, S.C.: History Press.  125 pp.  “Using firsthand accounts, including the journals of George Washington...Crytzer reconstructs the complex world of eighteenth-century Pittsburgh.”

Crytzer, Brady.  2012.  Fort Pitt: A Frontier History.  Charleston, S.C.: History Press.  190 pp.  Eighteenth-century Pittsburgh and southwestern Pa.

Cumming, William P.  1998.  The Southeast in Early Maps.  3rd ed., revised and enlarged by Louis De Vorsey, Jr.  Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.  362 pp; 96 maps.

David, James Corbett.  2012.  “A Reinterpretation of Dunmore’s War.”  Journal of Backcountry Studies 7, no. 1 (Spring/Summer): 1-3.  Excerpt from the author’s forthcoming biography of Lord Dumore, the last Royal Governor of Virginia, depicting the peace settlement after his invasion of Indian lands in the Ohio Valley, July to October, 1774.  http://libjournal.uncg.edu/ojs/index.php/jbc/issue/view/45.

Davis, Donald Edward.  1995.  “Before Albion’s Seed: Other Influences on Appalachian Culture.”  In Appalachia and the Politics of Culture, ed. E. C. Fine.  Journal of the Appalachian Studies Association 7: 57-66.  Johnson City: East Tennessee State University, Center for Appalachian Studies and Services.

Davis, Julia.  [1945] 2011.  Shenandoah [Shenandoah Valley and River history].  Introduction by Christopher Camuto.  West Virginia Classics series, no. 2.  Morgantown: West Virginia University Press.  355 pp.  Originally published: New York: Farrar & Rinehart, as a title in the landmark Rivers of America series.

De Vorsey, Louis, Jr.  2001.  “Searching for William Bartram’s Buffalo Lick” [a key frontier landmarker on the 1773 Georgia-Indian Boundary Line, mentioned in Bartram’s 18th-century Travels].  Southeastern Geographer 41 (November): 159-183.

Denaci, Ruth Ann.  2007.  “The Penn’s Creek Massacre and the Captivity of Marie Le Roy and Barbara Leininger” [1755-1759; primary sources].  Pennsylvania History 74, no. 3 (Summer): 307-332.

Dixon, David.  2005.  Never Come to Peace Again: Pontiac’s Uprising and the Fate of the British Empire in North America [1763].  Campaigns and Commanders, vol. 7.  Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.  353 pp.

Dixon, David.  2007.  “A High Wind Rising: George Washington, Fort Necessity, and the Ohio Country Indians” [Seneca leader Tanaghrisson; 1748, 1753].  Pennsylvania History 74, no. 3 (Summer): 333-353.

Dowd, Gregory Evans.  1998.  “‘Insidious Friends’: Gift Giving and the Cherokee-British Alliance in the Seven Years’ War.”  In Contact Points: American Frontiers from the Mohawk Valley to the Mississippi, 1750-1830, ed. A. Cayton, R. Teute, 114-150.  Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Dunaway, Wilma A.  1995.  “Speculators and Settler Capitalists: Unthinking the Mythology About Appalachian Landholding, 1790-1860.”  In Appalachia in the Making: The Mountain South in the Nineteenth Century, ed. M. Pudup, D. Billings, and A. Waller, 50-75.  Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Dunaway, Wilma A.  1996.  The First American Frontier: Transition to Capitalism in Southern Appalachia, 1700-1860.  Fred W. Morrison Series in Southern Studies.  Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.  468 pp.  Revisionist study of settlement and Indian displacement; Weatherford Award winner.

Dunaway, Wilma A.  1998.  “The Spatial Organization of Trade and Class Struggle over Transport Infrastructure: Southern Appalachia, 1830-1860.”  In Space and Transport in the World System, ed. P. Ciccantell, S. Bunker, 107-124.  Contributions in Economics and Economic History, no. 191.  Studies in the Political Economy of the World-System.  Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.

Duncan, Richard R. 1998.  Lee’s Endangered Left: The Civil War in Western Virginia, Spring of 1864.  Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.  346 pp.

Dunn, Durwood.  1997.  An Abolitionist in the Appalachian South: Ezekiel Birdseye on Slavery, Capitalism, and Separate Statehood in East Tennessee, 1841-1846.  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.  306 pp.

Dunn, Walter S.  2007.  Choosing Sides on the Frontier in the American Revolution.  Westport, Conn.: Praeger.  185 pp.  Contents: Land | The fur traders | The settlers | The Native Americans | The Loyalists | The British Army | The Quebec Act, 1774 | Dunmore’s War, 1774 | Neutrality, 1775 | Choosing sides, 1776.

Durham, Walter T.  1994.  “Westward with Anthony Bledsoe: The Life of an Overmountain Frontier Leader.”  Tennessee Historical  Quarterly 53 (Spring): 2-19.

Eckert, Allan W.  1995.  That Dark and Bloody River: Chronicles of the Ohio River Valley.  New York: Bantam Books.

Eckert, Allan W.  [1967] 2001.  The Frontiersmen: A Narrative [Ohio River Valley, 1770-1813; Simon Kenton; Tecumsuh].  Reprint. Ashland, Ky.: Jesse Stuart Foundation.  626 pp.  Originally published: Boston: Little, Brown.

Eldridge, Carrie.  1998.  An Atlas of Appalachian Trails to the Ohio River: A Collection of Maps with Bibliography.  Chesapeake, Ohio: C. Eldridge.  40 pp.  (Huntington, W. Va.: CDM Printing).  Available from Carrie Eldridge, 3118 CR 31 Big Branch, Chesapeake, Ohio 45619.

Elliott, Ella Zerbey.  [1906] 2011.  Old Schuylkill Tales: A History of Interesting Events, Traditions and Anecdotes of the Early Settlers of Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania [facsimile of original 1906 ed.].  University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.  344 pp.  Originally published: Pottsville, Pa.: E.Z. Elliott.  “A collection of folklore, stories, anecdotes, and reminiscences...[from] the eighteenth century to its foundation as a county and growth into a major hub of mining and industry.”

Ellis, Robert.  2009.  “Colonel Morgan Morgan and His Descendants” [b. 1688, Cardiff, Wales].  Traditions: A Journal of West Virginia Folk Culture and Educational Awareness 11: 42-43.  Progenitor of a number of figures important in W. Va. history including sons David (b. 1721), and Zackquill.

Ellison, Rhoda Coleman.  [1984] 1999.  Bibb County, Alabama: The First Hundred Years, 1818-1918.  Rpt. ed.  Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.  304 pp.

Enoch, Harry G.  1997.  In Search of Morgan’s Station and ‘The Last Indian Raid in Kentucky’ [1793].  Mt. Sterling, Ky.: Montgomery County Historical Society.  208 pp.

Eslinger, Ellen, ed.  2004.  Running Mad for Kentucky: Frontier Travel Accounts [13 travel diaries, 1775-1796; Wilderness Road; Ohio River].  Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.  288 pp.

Faris, John Thomson.  [1927] 1999.  Nolichucky Jack [fictional biography of John Sevier, 1745-1815].  Johnson City, Tenn: Overmountain Press.  288 pp.  Originally published: Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott.

Farr, Jason.  2012.  “A Glorious Failure: The State of Franklin and American Independence” [East Tennessee, 1784-1789].  Tennessee Historical Quarterly 70, no. 4 (Winter): 276-287.

Faulkner, Charles H.  1998.  “‘Here Are Frame Houses and Brick Chimneys’: Knoxville, Tennessee, in the Late Eighteenth Century.”  In The Southern Colonial Backcountry: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Frontier Communities, ed. D. Crass, et al., 137-161.  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Fausz, J. Frederick.  1998.  “‘Engaged in Enterprises Pregnant with Terror’: George Washington’s Formative Years among the Indians.”  In George Washington and the Virginia Backcountry, ed. W. Hofstra, 115-155.  Madison, Wis.: Madison House Publishers.

Fecher, Rebecca Taft.  2008.  “ The Trading Path and North Carolina” [18th century].  Journal of Backcountry Studies (online) 3, no. 2 (Fall): 13 pp.  http://libjournal.uncg.edu/ojs/index.php/jbc/issue/view/10.

Finger, John R.  2001.  Tennessee Frontiers: Three Regions in Transition [to 1840].  History of the Trans-Appalachian Frontier.  Bloomington: Indiana University Press.  352 pp.

First Families of Tennessee: A Register of Early Settlers and Their Present-Day Descendants.  2000.  Foreword by Wilma Dykeman; preface by Lamar Alexander.  Knoxville: East Tennessee Historical Society.  479 pp.

Fischer, David Hackett, and James C. Kelly.  2000.  Bound Away: Virginia and the Westward Movement [migration].  Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.  366 pp.

Fitzpatrick, Alan.  2005.  Wilderness War on the Ohio: The Untold Story of the Savage Battle for British and Indian Control of the Ohio Country During the American Revolution.  2nd ed.  Benwood, W. Va. (Box 481C Benwood Hill Rd., Benwood, WV 26031): Fort Henry Publications.  628 pp.

Fitzpatrick, Alan.  2009.  In Their Own Words: Native-American Voices from the American Revolution [primary sources].  Benwood, W. Va.: Fort Henry Publications.  375 pp.  Contents: Foreword | Introduction | Documents: 1774 to 1784 | Bibliography | Appendices: List of Native American orators by name, date, tribe, status, council sites and bibliographic notes -- Sworn interpreters at councils with the Indians -- Wampum strings and belts: their purposes and descriptions -- 18th century Indian council ritual and protocol -- General Haldimand’s speech to the Oneida Indians and its Iroquois translation -- Acknowledgements.

Flannery, Michael A.  1994.  “The Significance of the Frontier  Thesis in Kentucky Culture: A Study in Historical Practice  and Perception.”  Register of the Kentucky Historical Society  92 (Summer): 239-266.

Floyd, Letitia Preston.  1997.  “Recollections of 18th Century Virginia Frontier Life.”  Introduction by Wirt H. Wills; Transcription by June Stubbs.  Smithfield Review: Studies in the History of the Region West of the Blue Ridge 1: 3-16.  “History of ‘The Preston Family’: Copied from Mrs. Letitia Floyd’s manuscript, 1843” [18th-century Augusta Co.].  Much of the focus is on the author’s father, Col. William Preston (b. 1729, Limavady(?), Ireland; d. 1783).

Floyd, Letitia Preston.  1998.  “John Floyd, Kentucky Hero, and Three Generations of Floyds and Prestons of Virginia.”  Introduction by Wirt H. Wills; Transcription by June Stubbs.  Smithfield Review: Studies in the History of the Region West of the Blue Ridge 2: 39-51.  This transcription is a continuation of the author’s “Recollections” (vol. 1, 1997), and focuses on her husband’s father, Col. John Floyd (1750-1783).

Folmar, John Kent.  2006.  Gleanings from Pittsburgh & W. Pa.: Newspaper, &c, Views, 1786-1886.  California, Pa.: Yohogania Press.  260 pp.  Forty-four primary source articles, thirty of them from the Pittsburgh Gazette.

Foster, Dave.  2002.  Tennessee: Territory to Statehood [juvenile literature].  Johnson City, Tenn: Overmountain Press.  89 pp.

Foster, Emily, ed.  1996.  The Ohio Frontier: An Anthology of Early Writings.  Ohio River Valley Series.  Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.  248 pp.

Frazier, Paul.  2001.  “Mining for Victory: Daniel Roberdeau’s Lead Mine and Fort” [1778-1783; Altoona, Pa.].  Western Pennsylvania History 84 (Summer): 12-19.

Friend, Craig Thompson, ed.  1999.  The Buzzel About Kentuck: Settling the Promised Land [11 essays].  Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.  268 pp.

Friend, Craig Thompson.  1996.  “‘Fond Illusions’ and Environmental Transformations Along the Maysville-Lexington Road” [1770-1810 in-migration].  Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 94 (Winter): 4-32.

Friend, Craig Thompson.  2005.  Along the Maysville Road: The Early Republic in the TransAppalachian West.  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.  378 pp.  Key migratory route 1770s-1830s; 65 miles from Ohio River to Lexington, Ky.

Friend, Craig Thompson.  2010.  Kentucke’s Frontiers [1720s-1812].  Bloomington: Indiana University Press.  369 pp.  History of the Trans-Appalachian Frontier series.  Contents: The Indians’ frontiers | Colonial Kentucke | Revolutions | Peopling Kentucke | Seeking security and stability | From Kentucke to Kentucky | An Old South frontier | Remembering | Epilogue.

Fulgham, Richard Lee.  2000.  Appalachian Genesis: The Clinch River Valley from Prehistoric Times to the End of the Frontier Era [historic Indian-settler clashes].  Johnson City, Tenn.: Overmountain Press.  156 pp.

Furbee, Mary R.  2001.  Anne Bailey: Frontier Scout [1742-1825; W. Va.; juvenile literature]. Greensboro, N.C.: Morgan Reynolds.  112 pp.

Furbee, Mary R.  2001.  Shawnee Captive: The Story of Mary Draper Ingles [Va.; 1732-1815; juvenile literature]. Greensboro, N.C.: Morgan Reynolds.  112 pp.

Gaff, Alan D.  2004.  Bayonets in the Wilderness: Anthony Wayne’s Legion in the Old Northwest [1790s Ohio River Valley].  Campaigns and Commanders, vol. 4.  Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.  419 pp.

Gallo, Marcus.  2012.  “‘Fair Play Has Entirely Ceased, and Law Has Taken Its Place’: The Rise and Fall of the Squatter Republic in the West Branch Valley of the Susquehanna River, 1768–1800.”  Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 136, no. 4 (October): 405-434.

Garbarino, William.  2000.  Along the Allegheny: A History of the Early Events Along the Allegheny and Its Tributaries.  Midway, Pa.: Midway Publishing.  84 pp.

Garbarino, William.  2000.  Along the Monongahela: A History of the Early Events Along the Monongahela and Its Tributaries.  Midway, Pa.: Midway Publishing.  97 pp.

Garbarino, William.  2001.  Indian Wars Along the Upper Ohio: A History of the Indian Wars and Related Events Along the Upper Ohio and Its Tributaries.  Midway, Pa.: Midway Publishing. 127 pp.

Garbarino, William.  [2000] 2005.  Along the Allegheny: A History of the Early Events Along the Allegheny and Its Tributaries [Western Pa.; Indian wars; forts; early navigation].  Midway, Pa.: Midway Publishing.  84 pp.

Gavin, Michael Thomas.  2002.  “Log Cabin Folklore: Chinking and Daubing Tales” [anecdotes of frontier survival].  Tennessee Folklore Society Bulletin 60, no. 2: 69-81.

Gilmore, Peter.  2011.  “‘Said to have left His Wife in Ireland:’ Adultery, Bigamy and

Desertion in Ulster Presbyterian Migration to Pennsylvania, 1780-1815” [southwestern Pa.].  Journal of Backcountry Studies 6, no. 1.  6,500 words.  Based on a paper delivered 26 June 2010 at the XVIII Ulster American Heritage Symposium, Cullowhee, N.C.  http://libjournal.uncg.edu/ojs/index.php/jbc.

Glanville, Jim, and John M. Preston.  2009.  “Aspenvale Cemetery and Its Place in the History of Southwest Virginia” [Smyth Co.].  Smithfield Review: Studies in the History of the Region West of the Blue Ridge 13: 87-136, including map.

Glanville, Jim.  2010.  “The Fincastle Resolutions” [Va.; 1774-1775].  Smithfield Review: Studies in the History of the Region West of the Blue Ridge 14: 69-119.  Tables.  Discusses the fight against Indians in Lord Dunmore’s War, and the rights of American liberty.

Glanville, Jim, and Ryan Mays.  2011.  “The Mysterious Origins of James Patton, Part 1” [c.1692-1755].  Smithfield Review: Studies in the History of the Region West of the Blue Ridge 15: 35-64.  Scotch-Irish immigrant; origins; Southwest Va. history.

Glanville, Jim.  2011.  “The Siting of Smithfield in Relation to the Fincastle Botetourt County Line” [Va.; 1772].  Smithfield Review: Studies in the History of the Region West of the Blue Ridge 15: 95-100.  “Between 1745 and 1800 no fewer than 20 [Va.] counties were established west of the Blue Ridge Mountains.”

Glanville, Jim.  2012.  “Southwest Virginia: A Thoroughfare of Nation-Building.”  Smithfield Review: Studies in the History of the Region West of the Blue Ridge  16: 77-123.  Maps, figures.  Introduction | Before 1513: Prehistory | 1513-1570: Spanish contacts | 1570-1700: Disease and colonization | 1700-1730: Governor Spotswood and Indian trade | 1730-1753: Settlement in Augusta County and down Virginia’s Great Southwest Road | 1754-1775: Virginia’s Great Southwest Road becomes a thoroughfare | 1775-1804: Revolution and the founding of the states of the Upper South | 1805-1854: Founding of the states of the Deep South | The ideas the Virginians carried down Virginia’s Great Southwest Road.

Griffin, Patrick.  2007.  American Leviathan: Empire, Nation, and Revolutionary Frontier [Ohio Valley, 1763-1795; lawless settlers and Indian slayers].  New York: Hill and Wang.  368 pp.

Gruenwald, Kim M.  1996.  “Marietta’s Example of a Settlement Pattern in the Ohio Country.”  Ohio History 105 (Summer-Autumn): 125-144.  http://publications.ohiohistory.org/ohstemplate.cfm?action=toc&vol=105.

Gruenwald, Kim M.  2002.  River of Enterprise: The Commercial Origins of Regional Identity in the Ohio Valley, 1790-1850.  Midwestern History and Culture.  Bloomington: Indiana University Press.  214 pp.

Gruenwald, Kim M.  2004.  “Space and Place on the Early American Frontier: The Ohio Valley as a Region, 1790-1850.”  Ohio Valley History 4 (Fall): 31-48.

Guice, John D. W.  2010.  “Bedfellows and Bedbugs: Stands on the Natchez Trace” [Choctaw and Chickasaw country].  Southern Quarterly 48, no. 1 (October): 7-26.  “Because the Native Americans held firm in their reluctance to permit whites to construct travel facilities, houses of accommodation remained extremely scarce.”

Guice, John D. W.  2010.  “Bedfellows and Bedbugs: Stands on the Natchez Trace” [1800].  Southern Quarterly 48, no. 1 (Fall): 7-26.  Post road, Natchez, Miss. to Nashville; Choctaw and Chickasaw Indians.

Guy, Robert J. Jr.  2010.  “William Thompson and the Pennsylvania Riflemen” [1775-1780].  Chap. 10 in Pennsylvania’s Revolution, ed. W. Pencak, 219-230.  University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.

Hagood, Thomas Chase.  2011.  “‘I look upon the long journey, through the wilderness, with much pleasure’: Experiencing the Early Republic’s Southern Frontier.”  Journal of Backcountry Studies 6, no. 1.  5,000 words.  Alabama (1810s-1820s); frontier Tuscaloosa; Davy Crockett.  http://libjournal.uncg.edu/ojs/index.php/jbc.

Hallock, Thomas.  2003.  “The Contested West: John Filson’s Kentucke.”  Chap. 2 in From the Fallen Tree: Frontier Narratives, Environmental Politics, and the Roots of a National Pastoral, 1749-1826, 56-74.  Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Hammon, Neal O.  2000.  “Pioneer Routes in Central Kentucky” [overland; buffalo traces; 1770s].  Filson Club Historical Quarterly 74 (Spring): 125-143.

Hammon, Neal O.  2002.  “Kentucky Pioneer Forts and Stations” [approx. 260 listed and described, 1770s-1790s].  Filson Historical Quarterly 76 (Fall): 523-586.

Hammon, Neal O.  2005.  Daniel Boone and the Defeat at Blue Licks [Ky., 1782].  Sumter, S.C.: Boone Society.  139 pp.  Detailed account; maps; appendices.

Hammon, Neal O., and James Russell Harris.  2004.  “Daniel Boone the Surveyor: Old Images and New Realities.”  Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 102, no. 4: 534-566.

Hammon, Neal O., and Richard Taylor.  2002.  Virginia’s Western War: 1775-1786.  Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books.  279 pp.

Haynes, Robert V.  2010.  The Mississippi Territory and the Southwest Frontier, 1795-1817. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.  431 pp.  Explores post-Civil War vigilantism in Monett, Pierce City, Joplin, and Springfield, Mo. and Harrison, Ark., and addresses relations with Native American tribes, with a chapter on “The Creek War.”

Hendricks, Christopher E.  2006.  The Backcountry Towns of Colonial Virginia [25 attempted town formations].  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.  186 pp.  Contents: The promised fruits of well-ordered towns | The Piedmont | The southside | The great valley | The mountains | To cohabit in towns.

Hendricks, Christopher E.  2006.  The Backcountry Towns of Colonial Virginia [includes chapters on Shenandoah Valley and “The Mountains”].  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.  186 pp.

Hensley, Judith Victoria.  2003.  “A Bit of Appalachian Eden: Hensley Settlement” [founded 1803; Brush Mountain, Ky.].  Appalachian Heritage 31 (Summer): 3-9.

Hinderaker, Eric, and Peter C. Mancall.  2003.  At the Edge of Empire: The Backcountry in British North America.  Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.  210 pp.

Hinderaker, Eric.  1997.  Elusive Empires: Constructing Colonialism in the Ohio Valley, 1673-1800.  New York: Cambridge University Press.  299 pp.

Hintzen, William, and Joseph Roxby.  2000.  The Heroic Age: Tales of Wheeling’s Frontier Era [W. Va.].  Self-published, printed by Closson Press, Apollo, Pa.  135 pp.

Hintzen, William.  1996.  “Betty Zane, Lydia Boggs, and Molly Scott: The Gunpowder Exploits at Fort Henry” [1782, present site of Wheeling, W. Va.].  West Virginia History 55 (1996): 25-40.

Hintzen, William.  1999.  The Border Wars of the Upper Ohio Valley (1769-1794).  Manchester, Conn.: Precision Shooting.  390 pp.

Hodge, Jennie.  2012.  “Spring’s Green Peas, Nocturnal Thieves, and Other Family Lore about Susan Preston” [anecdotes].  Smithfield Review: Studies in the History of the Region West of the Blue Ridge 16: 68-76.  Susanna Smith Preston, b. 1739, was wife of American Revolutionary hero Col. William Preston of Smithfield Plantation in Blacksburg, Va.

Hodgkins, Hope.  2011.  “Reading Boone’s Writing: Issues in Backcountry Literacy.”  Journal of Backcountry Studies 6, no. 2 (Fall/Winter): 1-17.  Eighteenth-century Carolinas and Kentucky.  http://libjournal.uncg.edu/ojs/index.php/jbc/issue/view/28.

Hoffman, Phillip W.  2008.  Simon Girty, Turncoat Hero: The Most Hated Man on the Early American Frontier [1741-1818].  Franklin, Tenn.: American History Imprints.  345 pp.

Hofstra, Warren R.  1998.  “‘A Parcel of Barbarian’s and an Uncooth Set of People’: Settlers and Settlements of the Shenandoah Valley.”  In George Washington and the Virginia Backcountry, ed. W. Hofstra, 87-114.  Madison, Wis.: Madison House Publishers.

Hofstra, Warren R.  1998.  “’The Extention of His Majesties Dominions’: The Virginia Backcountry and the Reconfiguration of Imperial Frontiers.”  Journal of American History 84 (March): 1281-1312.

Hofstra, Warren R.  1998.  “Epilogue: Interdisciplinary Dialogues on the Southern Colonial Backcountry, 1893-1998.”  In The Southern Colonial Backcountry: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Frontier Communities, ed. D. Crass, et al., 221-236.  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Hofstra, Warren R.  2004.  The Planting of New Virginia: Settlement and Landscape in the Shenandoah Valley [18th century].  Creating the North American Landscape.  Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.  410 pp.

Hofstra, Warren R.  2005.  “‘And Die by Inches’: George Washington and the Encounter of Cultures on the Southern Colonial Frontier.”  Chap. 3 in George Washington’s South, ed. T. Harvey and G. O’Brien, 69-85.  Gainesville: University Press of Florida.

Hofstra, Warren R.  2010.  “The Colonial Road.”  Chap. 3 in The Great Valley Road of Virginia: Shenandoah Landscapes from Prehistory to the Present, ed. W. Hofstra and K. Raitz, 79-107.  Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.

Hofstra, Warren R., and Clarence R. Geier.  2000.  “Farm to Mill to Market: Historical Archaeology of an Emerging Grain Economy in the Shenandoah Valley.” In After the Backcountry: Rural Life in the Great Valley of Virginia, 1800-1900, ed. K. Koons and W. Hofstra, 48-61. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Hofstra, Warren R., and Karl Raitz, ed.  2010.  The Great Valley Road of Virginia: Shenandoah Landscapes from Prehistory to the Present [nine papers; maps, photos, engravings].  Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.  309 pp.

Hofstra, Warren R., ed.  1998.  George Washington and the Virginia Backcountry [eight essays].  Madison, Wis.: Madison House Publishers.  265 pp.

Hofstra, Warren R., ed.  2007.  Cultures in Conflict: The Seven Years’ War in North America [1755-1763].  Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield. 191 pp.  Contents: Introduction: old forts, new perspectives--thoughts on the Seven Years’ War and its significance / Fred Anderson -- British culture and the changing character of the mid-eighteenth-century British empire / Paul Mapp -- Great power confrontation or clash of cultures?: France’s war against Britain and its antecedents / Jonathan R. Dull -- War, diplomacy, and culture: the Iroquois experience in the Seven Years’ War / Timothy J. Shannon -- Declaring independence: the Ohio Indians and the Seven Years’ War / Eric Hinderaker -- How the Seven Years’ War turned Americans into (British) patriots / Woody Holton -- The Seven Years’ War in Canadian history and memory / Catherine Desbarats and Allan Greer.

Hogeland, William.  2006.  The Whiskey Rebellion: George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, and the Frontier Rebels Who Challenged America’s Newfound Sovereignty [1794 Pa.].  New York: Scribner.  302 pp.

Horsman, Reginald.  2008.  Feast or Famine: Food and Drink in American Westward Expansion.  Columbia: University of Missouri Press.  356 pp.

Horton, Tonia Woods.  2000.  “Hidden Gardens: The Town Gardens of T. J. ‘Stonewall’ Jackson and His Lexington Contemporaries” [Va.; kitchen gardens].  In After the Backcountry: Rural Life in the Great Valley of Virginia, 1800-1900, ed. K. Koons and W. Hofstra, 111-134. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Hsiung, David C.  1998.  “‘Seeing’ Early Appalachian Communities through the Lenses of History, Geography, and Sociology” [Washington Co., Tenn., 1780-1800].  In The Southern Colonial Backcountry: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Frontier Communities, ed. D. Crass, et al., 162-181.  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Hudson, Charles M..  [1990] 2005.  The Juan Pardo Expeditions: Explorations of the Carolinas and Tennessee, 1566-1568.  With documents translated by  Paul E. Hoffman. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.  366 pp.  Originally published: Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.

Humphrey, Thomas J.  2008.  “Conflicting Independence: Land Tenancy and the American Revolution.”  Journal of the Early Republic 28, no. 2 (Summer): 160-182.  Loudoun County, Va., and Hudson Valley, N.Y.

Hurt, R. Douglas.  1996.  The Ohio Frontier: Crucible of the Old Northwest, 1720-1830.  Bloomington: Indiana University Press.  418 pp.

Hurt, R. Douglas.  1998.  Nathan Boone and the American Frontier [Daniel Boone’s son; biography].  Columbia: University of Missouri Press.  256 pp.

Hyde, Samuel C., Jr.  2002.  “Plain Folk Yeomanry in the Antebellum South.”  In A Companion to the American South, ed. J. Boles, 139-155.  Blackwell Companions to American History, no. 3.  Malden, Mass.: Blackwell.

Ingram, Daniel Patrick.  2012.  Indians and British Outposts in Eighteenth-Century America. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.  257 pp.  Six essays including: Introduction: British forts and Indian neighbors | The Key to Carolina: Old Hop, Little Carpenter, and the making of Fort Loudoun, 1756-1759 [Tenn.] | Anxious hospitality: loitering at Fort Allen, 1756-1761 [Pa.].

Ingram, Daniel.  2009.  “Anxious Hospitality: Indian ‘Loitering’ at Fort Allen, 1756-1761.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 133, no. 3 (July): 221-253.  Northampton Co.; northern slope of 150-mile Blue Mountain ridge; Lehigh Valley.

Inman, Natalie.  2011.  “‘A Dark and Bloody Ground’: American Indian Responses to Expansion during the American Revolution.”  Tennessee Historical Quarterly 70, no. 4 (Winter): 258-275.

Irwin, Ned L.  2000.  “Collecting Memory: Antiquarians and the Preservation of the Early History of the Trans-Appalachian Frontier” [author is University Archivist at ETSU].  Journal of East Tennessee History 72: 62-81.

James, Alfred Procter, and Charles Morse Stotz.  [1958] 2005.  Drums in the Forest: Decision at the Forks, by Alfred Procter James; Defense in the Wilderness, by Charles Morse Stotz [French and Indian War, 1755-1763].  Pittsburgh, Pa.: Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania: University of Pittsburgh Press.  227 pp.

Jobe, Abraham.  2009.  A Mountaineer in Motion: The Memoir of Dr. Abraham Jobe, 1817-1906 [Cades Cove, Tenn., N.C., Ga., Ala.; pioneer, physician, business man; Civil War; Indian Agent].  Edited by David C. Hsiung.  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.  206 pp.

Johnson, Rody.  2005.  In Their Footsteps: Explorers, Warriors, Capitalists, and Politicians of West Virginia.  Charleston, W. Va.: Quarrier Press.  273 pp.  [Contents: Pioneer John Lewis and his sons (1678-1811) -- Sergeant Patrick Gass of the Lewis and Clark Expedition (1771-1870) -- Captain John Avis, John Brown’s jailer (1818-1883) -- John D. and C.C. Lewis, capitalists (1800-1917) -- Governor George W. Atkinson, Republican (1845-1925)].

Jones, K. Randell.  2012.  Trailing Daniel Boone.  Winston-Salem, North Carolina: Daniel Boone Footsteps.  278 pp.  During 1912-1915 the DAR erected 45 metal tablets across four hundred miles (N.C., Tenn., Va., and Ky.) marking Boone’s “path through the Appalachian Mountain barrier.”

Jurick Jeremy.  2006.  “A Spatial Analysis of the Early Settlement of Somerset County, Pennsylvania” [1750-1850; six core settlements].  Pennsylvania Geographer 44, no. 1 (Spring/Summer): 17-38.

Kautz, Jim.  2006.  Footprints Across the South: Bartram’s Trail Revisited [1729-1823].  Kennesaw, Ga.: Kennesaw State University Press.  304 pp.  Contents: 34 chapters including: Finding Bartram’s trail -- Travels from Charleston to southeast and northeast Georgia -- The great buffalo lick -- Travels into western North Carolina -- The vale of Cowee -- On Alarka Creek -- Burningtown -- “A world of mountains piled upon mountains” -- “And be merciful to them” -- In the “dreary mountains” -- Travels to the Mississippi River.

Kegley, Mary B.  2010.  “Fort Chiswell and Chiswell’s Lead Mines of Wythe County, Virginia: A New Perspective” [1750s-1760s].  Smithfield Review: Studies in the History of the Region West of the Blue Ridge 14: 52-68.

Kenzer, Robert C.  2008.  “An Examination of ‘Other Souths’.”  Journal of Backcountry Studies (online) 3, no. 2 (Fall): 4 pp.  Alamance Co.; 1860; common surnames and kin networks.  http://libjournal.uncg.edu/ojs/index.php/jbc/issue/view/10.

Knepper, George W.  2003.  Ohio and Its People.  3rd ed.  Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press.  521 pp.  Comprehensive history including settlement, development, maps.

Knouff, Gregory T.  1998.  “Soldiers and Violence on the Pennsylvania Frontier.”  In Beyond Philadelphia: The American Revolution in the Pennsylvania Hinterland, ed. J. Frantz and W. Pencak, 171-193.  University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.

Knouff, Gregory T.  2004.  The Soldiers’ Revolution: Pennsylvanians in Arms and the Forging of Early American Identity.  University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.  312 pp.

Koons, Kenneth E., and Warren R. Hofstra.  2000.  “Introduction: The World Wheat Made” [capitalism; markets; labor; slavery].  In After the Backcountry: Rural Life in the Great Valley of Virginia, 1800-1900, ed. K. Koons and W. Hofstra, xvii-xxix. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Koons, Kenneth E., and Warren R. Hofstra, ed.  2000.  After the Backcountry: Rural Life in the Great Valley of Virginia, 1800-1900 [19 chapters].  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.  314 pp.

Koontz, Louis Knott.  [1925] 2005.  The Virginia Frontier, 1754-1763 [Appendix: Pioneer forts, stockades, and block-houses on the Virginia frontier].  Facsimile reprint.  Westminster, Md.: Heritage Books.  186 pp.  Originally published: Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.

Kummerow, Burton K.  2008.  “Two Roads: The Race for the Forks of the Ohio & the Future of America.”  Western Pennsylvania History 91, no. 4 (Winter 2008-09): 36-43.  Routes blazed over the Allegheny Mountains by General Braddock (1755), and General Forbes (1758)--[today Rts. 40 and 30, respectively].

Lewis, Kenneth E.  1998.  “Economic Development in the South Carolina Backcountry: A View from Camden.”  In The Southern Colonial Backcountry: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Frontier Communities, ed. D. Crass, et al., 87-107.  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Lewis, Thomas A.  2004.  West from Shenandoah: A Scotch-Irish Family Fights for America, 1729-1781: A Journal of Discovery.  Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.  262 pp.

Lewis, Virgil A.  1998 [1891, 1907].  Life and Times of Ann Bailey, The Pioneer Heroine of the Great Kanawha Valley[W. Va.; 1742-1825].  2nd ed.  Point Pleasant, W. Va.: Discovery Press.  84 pp.

Lockley, Timothy J.  2003.  “Public Poor Relief in Buncombe County, North Carolina, 1792-1860.”  North Carolina Historical Review 80 (January): 28-51.

Lofaro, Michael.  2002.  “Daniel Boone’s American Life: An Interview with Biographer Michael Lofaro.”  Edited by James Russell Harris and Kenneth H. Williams.  Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 100 (Autumn): 497-504.

Lofaro, Michael.  [2003] 2012.  Daniel Boone: An American Life [short biography; cf. biographies by Bakeless (1939) and Faragher (1992)].  Rpt. ed.  Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.  220 pp.

Lohrenz, Otto.  2008.  “From Indentured Servant to Colonial Virginia Clergyman: The Life of Daniel Sturges” [1752-1812; Berkeley Co.].  West Virginia History, n.s. 2, no. 2 (Fall): 61-78.

Long, John.  2007.  “The Indian Captivity Narrative of Charles Johnston.”  Smithfield Review: Studies in the History of the Region West of the Blue Ridge 11: 5-16.  Originally published in 1827 as “A Narrative of the Incidents Attending the Capture, Detention, and Ransom of Charles Johnston of Botetourt County, Virginia.”  “The article...assesses the historical value of Johnston’s recounting of his 1790 experiences among the Shawnee Indians in Upper Sandusky, Ohio, within the captivity narrative genre and judges it one of the clearest and most vivid accounts of its type.”

Maass, John R.  2002.  “‘All This Poor Province Could Do’: North Carolina and the Seven Years’ War, 1757-1762.”  North Carolina Historical Review 79 (January): 50-89.

Madarasz, Anne.  2009.  “A Fertile Land for Development: 16,000 BP--1850.”  Western Pennsylvania History 92, no. 1 (Spring): 4-15.  Timeline essay; maps, illustrations.

Mann, Ralph.  1995.  “Diversity in the Antebellum Appalachian South: Four Farm Communities in Tazewell County, Virginia.”  In Appalachia in the Making: The Mountain South in the Nineteenth Century, ed. M. Pudup, D. Billings, and A. Waller, 132-162.  Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Mayer, Holly A.  2006.  “From Forts to Families: Following the Army into Western Pennsylvania, 1758-1766” [women’s role in the military presence].  Pennsylvania Magazine of History & Biography 130, no. 1 (January): 5-43.

Mays, Carl.  2004.  People of Passion: Stories of Faith and Determination That Will Touch Your Heart and Warm Your Soul [48 historic, personal tales; 1760s-1960s].  Johnson City, Tenn.: Overmountain Press.  176 pp.

McBride, W. Stephen, Kim Arbogast McBride, and Greg Adamson.  2003.  Frontier Forts in West Virginia: Historical and Archaeological Explorations [maps, figures, tables].  Charleston: West Virginia Division of Culture and History.  66 pp.

McCleskey, Turk.  1998.  “Shadow Land: Provisional Real Estate Claims and Anglo-American Settlement in Southwestern Virginia.”  In The Southern Colonial Backcountry: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Frontier Communities, ed. D. Crass, et al., 56-68.  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

McConnell, Michael N.  1992.  A Country Between: The Upper Ohio Valley and Its Peoples, 1724-1774.  Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.  357 pp.

McKaughan, Joshua Lee.  2007.  “People of Desperate Fortune: Power and Populations in the

North Carolina Backcountry” [1740s-1770s].  Journal of Backcountry Studies (online) 2, no. 1: 38 pp.  http://libjournal.uncg.edu/ojs/index.php/jbc/issue/view/13.

McKinney, Gordon B.  1995.  “Economy and Community in Western North Carolina, 1860-1865.”  In Appalachia in the Making: The Mountain South in the Nineteenth Century, ed. M. Pudup, D. Billings, and A. Waller, 163-184.  Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Merrell, James H.  1998.  “Shamokin, ‘the very seat of the Prince of darkness’: Unsettling the Early American Frontier” [1740s; central Pa.; Susquehanna Indians].  In Contact Points: American Frontiers from the Mohawk Valley to the Mississippi, 1750-1830, ed. A. Cayton, R. Teute, 16-59.  Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Merrell, James H.  1999.  Into the American Woods : Negotiators on the Pennsylvania Frontier.  New York: W.W. Norton.  463 pp.

Merritt, Jane T.  1998.  “Metaphor, Meaning, and Misunderstanding: Language and Power on the Pennsylvania Frontier” [Indians, English, French, Germans].  In Contact Points: American Frontiers from the Mohawk Valley to the Mississippi, 1750-1830, ed. A. Cayton, R. Teute, 60-87.  Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Miller, Tamara Gaskell.  2005.  “‘My whole enjoyment & almost my existence depends upon my friends’: Family and Kinship in Early Ohio” [Marietta].  Chap. 6 in The Center of a Great Empire: The Ohio Country in the Early American Republic, ed. A. Cayton and S. Hobbs, 122-145.  Athens: Ohio University Press.

Millward, Robert, and Kathleen Millward.  2008.  “Making History in the Wilderness: Christopher Gist’s Explorations into Western Pennsylvania” [1750s; Ohio Valley].  Western Pennsylvania History 91, no. 2 (Summer): 22-33.

Mitchell, Robert D.  1998.  “‘Over the Hills and Far Away’: George Washington and the Changing Virginia Backcountry.”  In George Washington and the Virginia Backcountry.  Ed. W. Hofstra, 63-86.  Madison, Wis.: Madison House Publishers.

Mitchell, Robert D.  1998.  “The Southern Backcountry: A Geographical House Divided.”  In The Southern Colonial Backcountry: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Frontier Communities, ed. D. Crass, et al., 1-35.  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Mitchell, Robert D.  2000.  “The Settlement Fabric of the Shenandoah Valley, 1790-1860: Pattern, Process, and Structure” [tables]. In After the Backcountry: Rural Life in the Great Valley of Virginia, 1800-1900, ed. K. Koons and W. Hofstra, 34-47. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Moore, Michael.  2007.  “The Moores of Route 23” [eastern Ky.].  Journal of Backcountry Studies (online) 2, no. 2 (Fall): 14 pp.  Big Sandy Watershed; 18th century to present.  http://libjournal.uncg.edu/ojs/index.php/jbc/issue/view/12.

Moore, Peter N.  2007.  World of Toil and Strife: Community Transformation in Backcountry South Carolina, 1750-1805 [Waxhaws region]. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press.  175 pp.  See an earlier version of the Introduction and Chapter 3 in the online Journal of Backcounty Studies, vol. 2, no. 1 (Spring, 2007): 1-27.  http://libjournal.uncg.edu/ojs/index.php/jbc/issue/view/13.

Moore, Wayne C.  2000.  “Paths of Migration” [Tenn. history, 1770s-1790s; maps; illustrations].  In First Families of Tennessee: A Register of Early Settlers and Their Present-Day Descendants, 17-61.  Knoxville: East Tennessee Historical Society.

Mordy, David L., and James C. Mordy.  2012.  “The Phoenix Privateering Syndicate and Marine Captain John Floyd.”  Smithfield Review: Studies in the History of the Region West of the Blue Ridge 16: 45-67.  Account of Floyd’s colorful life from surveyor of the Kentucky frontier (1774-1776), to key figure as a privateer sent to the West Indies, to prisoner in Portsmouth, England, escape to France, and return to Kentucky where he was ambushed and killed by Indians in 1783.

Moyer, Paul Benjamin.  2007.  Wild Yankees: The Struggle for Independence along Pennsylvania’s Revolutionary Frontier [1750s-1800; northeastern Pa.’s Susquehanna backcountry; Connecticut claimants and Pa. settlers clash].  Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.  216 pp.

Myers, James P., Jr.  1999.  “Mapping Pennsylvania’s Western Frontier in 1756” [7 maps reproduced].  Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 123 (January/April): 3-29.

Nelson, Lynn A.  2000.  “The Pilot and the Storm: William Massie and the Agrarian Economy of the Tye River Valley, 1830-1860.”  In After the Backcountry: Rural Life in the Great Valley of Virginia, 1800-1900, ed. K. Koons and W. Hofstra, 265-273. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Neufeld, Rob.  2007.  A Popular History of Western North Carolina: Mountains, Heroes & Hootnoggers.  Charleston, S.C.: History Press.  126 pp.  Collected personal stories, passed down, arranged under five sections: Cherokee; Pioneers and Farmers; Civil War; Legendary Women; Tales of Adversity and Triumph.

Noble, Zola Troutman.  2009.  “Adam Harman, German Pioneer on the New River” [1700-1767; Giles Co., Va.].  Smithfield Review: Studies in the History of the Region West of the Blue Ridge 13: 5-28.

Noe, Kenneth W.  1994.  “Toward the Myth of Unionist Appalachia,  1865-1883.”  In Appalachian Adaptations to a Changing World,  ed. Norma Myers.  Journal of the Appalachian Studies Association 6: 73-80.  Johnson City: East Tennessee State University, Center for Appalachian Studies and Services.

Nogay, Michael E.  2009.  Every Home a Fort, Every Man a Warrior: Stories of the Forts and Men in the Upper Ohio Valley During the American Revolutionary War.  Weirton, W. Va.: M.E. Nogay.  128 pp.  Northern panhandle of [W.]Va. and adjacent Pa. region.  Map of forts and blockhouses, 1775-1795.

O’Malley, Nancy.  1999.  “Frontier Defenses and Pioneer Strategies in the Historic Settlement Era.”  In The Buzzel About Kentuck: Settling the Promised Land, ed. C. Friend, 56-75.  Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.

Origins of Vandalia [1760s-70s proposed 14th colony; map showing most of present day W. Va. and parts of Va. and Ky.].  2001.  Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 27 (Spring): 70.

Osborn, Richard.  2007.  “William Preston: Origins of a Backcountry Political Career” [1729-1783; Va.].  Journal of Backcountry Studies (online) 2, no. 2 (Fall): 37 pp.  Article drawn from the author’s 1990 University of Maryland dissertation.  http://libjournal.uncg.edu/ojs/index.php/jbc/issue/view/12.

Osborn, Richard.  2008.  “William Preston and the Revolutionary Settlement.”   Journal of Backcountry Studies(online) 3, no. 2 (Fall): 137 pp.  This is the third and last installment drawn from the author’s 1990 University of Maryland dissertation.  http://libjournal.uncg.edu/ojs/index.php/jbc/issue/view/10.

Osborn, Richard.  2008.  “William Preston in the American Revolution.”  Journal of Backcountry Studies (online) 3, no. 1 (Spring): 97 pp.  Article drawn from the author’s 1990 University of Maryland dissertation.  http://libjournal.uncg.edu/ojs/index.php/jbc/issue/view/11.

Patterson, Daniel W.  2012.  “Backcountry Legends of a Minister’s Death” [online essay].  Southern Spaces, 30 October.  “...explores the circumstances of the death of Reverend William Richardson, an eighteenth-century Presbyterian minister in the Waxhaw district of South Carolina.”  Essay originally published in The True Image: Gravestone Art and the Culture of Scotch Irish Settlers in the Pennsylvania and Carolina Backcountry (University of North Carolina Press, 2012).  http://southernspaces.org/2012/backcountry-legends-ministers-death.

Paulett, Robert.  2012.  An Empire of Small Places: Mapping the Southeastern Anglo-Indian Trade, 1732-1795.  Athens: University of Georgia Press.  259 pp.  “Focusing especially on the Anglo-Creek-Chickasaw route that ran from the coast through Augusta to present-day Mississippi and Tennessee, Paulett finds that the deerskin trade produced a sense of spatial and human relationships that did not easily fit into Britain’s imperial ideas.”

Paxton, James.  1998.  “A Story of Continuity and Change: Blacksburg, Virginia, 1798-1998.”  Smithfield Review: Studies in the History of the Region West of the Blue Ridge 2: 4-22.  Focuses on two families, the Prestons and Blacks.

Peck, Garrett.  2012.  The Potomac River: A History & Guide.  Charleston, S.C.: History Press.  159 pp.  Contents: Origins | Canals and Commerce | The Colonial Frontier | Antietam: The Bloodiest Day | Harpers Ferry | The Piedmont | Great Falls | The Clara Barton Parkway | The GW Parkway | Washington and the Potomac | Anacostia: The Forgotten River | Plantations on the Potomac | The Civil War on the Lower Potomac | The Northern Neck | The Piscataway Nation | Catholic Beginnings at the River’s End.

Perkins, Elizabeth A.  1998.  “Distinctions and Partitions amongst Us: Identity and Interaction in the Revolutionary Ohio Valley” [ethnic origins].  In Contact Points: American Frontiers from the Mohawk Valley to the Mississippi, 1750-1830, ed. A. Cayton, R. Teute, 205-234.  Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Perkins, Elizabeth A.  1998.  Border Life: Experience and Memory in the Revolutionary Ohio Valley [Ky. and Ohio; utilizes 1840's oral histories].  Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.  253 pp.

Phillips, V. N. (“Bud”).  2002.  Pioneers in Paradise: Legends and Stories from Bristol Tennessee/Virginia.  Johnson City, Tenn.: Overmountain Press.  308 pp.

Philyaw, L. Scott.  2000.  “Personal Opportunities and Public Threats: Westward Expansion and the Reconceptualization of Virginia” [1770s-1830s political expansion].  In After the Backcountry: Rural Life in the Great Valley of Virginia, 1800-1900, ed. K. Koons and W. Hofstra, 235-248. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Philyaw, L. Scott.  2004.  Virginia’s Western Visions: Political and Cultural Expansion on an Early American Frontier.  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.  212 pp.

Philyaw, Leslie Scott.  2005.  Virginia’s Western Visions: Political and Cultural Expansion on an Early American Frontier [Tidewater Va. attitudes toward Western Va.].  University of Tennessee Press.  180 pp.

Phipps, Sheila R., section editor.  2006.  “Settlement and Migration” [signed entries].  In Encyclopedia of Appalachia, ed. R. Abramson and J. Haskell, 285-345 (with introductory essay, 285-292).  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Plott, Bob.  2011.  Colorful Characters of the Great Smoky Mountains [N.C.].  Charleston, S.C.: History Press.  160 pp.  Contents: The 1761 Grant Expedition | The expedition begins | The Battle of Cowee | The Cherokee peace delegation and aftermath | Yonaguska-Cherokee statesman | “A finished hunter” | “I don’t give up easy” | School is in session | Wild child | Gun guru and artisan | Historian and sculptor | Hunter and aviator | The godfather | Closing thoughts.

Preston, David L.  2007.  “‘Make Indians of Our White Men’: British Soldiers and Indian Warriors from Braddock’s to Forbes’s Campaigns, 1755-1758.”  Pennsylvania History 74, no. 3 (Summer): 280-306.

Pudup, Mary Beth.  1995.  “Town and Country in the Transformation of Appalachian Kentucky.”  In Appalachia in the Making: The Mountain South in the Nineteenth Century, ed. M. Pudup, D. Billings, and A. Waller, 270-296.  Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Puglisi, Michael J.  1998.  “Muddied Waters: A Discussion of Current Interdisciplinary Backcountry Studies.”  In The Southern Colonial Backcountry: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Frontier Communities, ed. D. Crass, et al., 36-55.  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Puglisi, Michael J., ed.  1997.  Diversity and Accommodation: Essays on the Cultural Composition of the Virginia Frontier [Proceedings of a conference held in October 1992 in Emory, Va.].  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.  310 pp.

Rainer, Joseph T.  2000.  “‘Commercial Scythians’ in the Great Valley of Virginia: Yankee Peddlers’ Trade Connections to Antebellum Virginia.” In After the Backcountry: Rural Life in the Great Valley of Virginia, 1800-1900, ed. K. Koons and W. Hofstra, 62-73. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Raitz, Karl B., and Nancy O’Malley.  2012.  Kentucky’s Frontier Highway: Historical Landscapes Along the Maysville Road.  Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.  412 pp.

Raitz, Karl B., Jeffrey E. Levy, and Richard A. Gilbreath.  2010.  “Mapping Kentucky’s Frontier Trails through Geographical Information and Cartographic Applications.”  Geographical Review 100, no. 3 (July): 312–335.

Rasmussen, Barbara.  2006.  “Anarchy and Enterprise on the Imperial Frontier: Washington, Dunmore, Logan, and Land in the Eighteenth-Century Ohio Valley.”  Ohio Valley History 6, no. 4 (Winter): 1-26.

Rawson, David A.  2000.  “News in the Valley: Periodical Subscribers at the New Market Post Office, 1804-1844” [newspapers read].  In After the Backcountry: Rural Life in the Great Valley of Virginia, 1800-1900, ed. K. Koons and W. Hofstra, 249-264. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Ray, Kristofer.  2002.  “Land Speculation, Popular Democracy, and Political Transformation on the Tennessee Frontier, 1780-1800.”  Tennessee Historical Quarterly 61 (Fall): 160-181.

Reid, Darren R., ed.  2009.  Daniel Boone and Others on the Kentucky Frontier: Autobiographies and Narratives, 1769-1795 [ten narratives and interviews; commentaries and essays].  Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland.  218 pp.

Rhoades, Matthew L.  2009.  “Blood and Boundaries: Virginia Backcountry Violence and the Origins of the Quebec Act, 1758-1775.”  West Virginia History, n.s. 3, no. 2 (Fall): 1-22.

Rice, Connie Park, ed.  2008.  “Letters from William Haymond to His Nephew, Luther Haymond, Recalling the Settlement of Western Virginia and Conflict with Native Americans between 1773 and 1794.”  West Virginia History, n.s. 2, no. 2 (Fall): 79-98.  Eight letters transcribed.

Rice, James D.  1995.  “Old Appalachia's Path to Interdependency: Economic Development and the Creation of Community in Western Maryland, 1730-1850.”  Appalachian Journal 22 (Summer): 348-374.

Rice, James D.  2009.  Nature and History in the Potomac Country: From Hunter-Gatherers to the Age of Jefferson[environmental, Indian, and colonial history].  Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.  338 pp.

Rice, William H.  2010.  Colonial Records of the Upper Potomac, Volume One: From a Native American Wilderness to 1744 [from 1715].  Parsons, W. Va.: McClain Printing.  200 pp.

Rice, William H.  2010.  Colonial Records of the Upper Potomac, Volume Two: 1744-1748, The Peaceful Years.  Parsons, W. Va.: McClain Printing.  198 pp.

Ridner, Judith A.  2010.  A Town in-between: Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and the Early Mid-Atlantic Interior.  Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.  287 pp.  Cumberland Co.; Susquehanna River Valley.

Ridner, Judith.  2001.  “William Irvine and the Complexities of Manhood and Fatherhood in the Pennsylvania Backcountry” [1760s-1804].  Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 125 (January-April): 5-34.

Ridner, Judith.  2005.  “Relying on the ‘Saucy’ Men of the Backcountry: Middlemen and the Fur Trade in Pennsylvania” [1760s Carlisle, Cumberland Co.].  The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 129, no. 2 (April): 133-162.

Robertson, Mason G., and June N. Stubbs.  2003.  “The Strange Campbell/Shelby Controversy and the Role of John Broady at the Battle of Kings Mountain” [1780].  Smithfield Review: Studies in the History of the Region West of the Blue Ridge 7: 27-47.  General William “Campbell’s mulatto manservant, John Broady, who was guarding Campbell’s horses at the rear of the action and was very similar in appearance, was mistaken for Campbell, who, at the time, was at the front lines fighting with his men.”

Rohrbough, Malcolm J.  2008.  Trans-Appalachian Frontier: People, Societies, and Institutions, 1775-1850.  3rd ed.  A History of the Trans-Appalachian Frontier.  Bloomington: Indiana University Press.  675 pp.

Salas, Laura Purdie.  2003.  The Wilderness Road, 1775 [juvenile literature; Daniel Boone; Va., Ky., Tenn.].  Mankato, Minn.: Bridgestone Books.  48 pp.  “Discusses colonial America’s need for a route to the west, ...early explorers and settlements along its path, and the impact it had on western expansion.”

Schecter, Barnet.  2010.  George Washington’s America: A Biography through his Maps [40 maps].  New York: Walker & Company.  303 pp.  Twelve chapters including the following: “Virginia, Barbados, and the Ohio Country,” and “From the Monongahela to Massachusetts.”

Schroeder, Walter A.  2002.  Opening the Ozarks: A Historical Geography of Missouri’s Ste. Genevieve District, 1760-1830.  Columbia: University of Missouri Press.  551 pp.

Silver, Peter Rhoads.  2008.  Our Savage Neighbors: How Indian War Transformed Early America.  New York: W.W. Norton.  406 pp.

Simms, William Gilmore. [1869] 1997.  The Cub of the Panther: A Hunter Legend of the “Old North State” [Border romance based on 1847 hunting expedition; N.C.].  Ed. Miriam Jones Shillingsburg.  Simms Series, no. 8.  Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press.  299 pp.  Originally published in serial format.

Slover, James Anderson.  2001.  Minister to the Cherokees: A Civil War Autobiography [1824-1913].  Edited by Barbara Cloud.  Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.  212 pp.

Smith, Daniel Blake.  1999.  “‘This Idea in Heaven’: Image and Reality on the Kentucky Frontier.”  In The Buzzel About Kentuck: Settling the Promised Land, ed. C. Friend, 76-98.  Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.

Smith, Kevin E.  2000.  “Bledsoe Station: Archaeology, History, and the Interpretation of the Middle Tennessee Frontier, 1770-1820” [Sumner Co.].  Tennessee Historical Quarterly 59 (Fall): 174-187.

Smith, Laura Katz.  1998.  “A Union Catalog of Manuscript Collections of the Preston Family” [Va.].  Smithfield Review: Studies in the History of the Region West of the Blue Ridge 2: 52-64.  Lists documents held in Ky., La., N.C., S.C., Va., and D.C. institutions.  John Preston (1699-1747) arrived in Virginia from Ireland in 1738 and settled in the Shenandoah Valley (Botetourt and Montgomery Co.).  His extensive family played an important role in shaping the history of Virginia.

Smith, Matthew D.  2010.  “John Bradford and the Kentucky Gazette: Revolutionizing the Ohio Valley Frontier.”  Ohio Valley History 10, no. 2 (Summer): 3-23.  Influence on early Ky. politics, 1779-1830.

Smith, Richard Penn.  2003 [1836].  “On to the Alamo”: Colonel Crockett's Exploits and Adventures in Texas.  By Richard Penn Smith (1799-1854); authorship originally credited to Crockett.  Edited with an introduction and notes by John Seelye.  New York: Penguin Books.  149 pp.

Staples, Charles R.  1996.  The History of Pioneer Lexington, 1779-1806.  Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.  384 pp.

Stefon, Frederick J.  1998.  “The Wyoming Valley” [northeast Pa.].  In Beyond Philadelphia: The American Revolution in the Pennsylvania Hinterland, ed. J. Frantz, W. Pencak, 133-152.  University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.

Stotz, Charles Morse.  [1985] 2005.  Outposts of the War for Empire: The French and English in Western Pennsylvania: Their Armies, Their Forts, Their People 1749-1764.  Rpt. ed.  Pittsburgh, Pa.: Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania: University of Pittsburgh Press.  203 pp.

Strang, Cameron B.  2010.  “Michael Cresap and the Promulgation of Settler Land-Claiming Methods in the Backcountry, 1765-1774” [Va.-Md. border].  Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 118, no. 2: 107-136.  Redstone Creek settlement; Lord Dunmore’s War.

Strang, Cameron B.  2012.  “The Mason-Dixon and Proclamation Lines: Land Surveying and Native Americans in Pennsylvania’s Borderlands.”  Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 136, no. 1 (January): 5-23.

Swain, G. T.  [1927] 2010.  History of Logan County, West Virginia: Dealing with Indian Life and Legends, Early Pioneers, Their Mode of Living, Formation of the County, the Noted Hatfield-McCoy Feud, the “Armed March” on Logan, Municipal Affairs, Court Records, Formation of Coal Companies, Brilliant Development of the Valley, Wonderful Expansion of the Coal Industry, Etc.  Rpt. ed.  Chapmanville, W. Va.: Woodland Press.  383 pp.  Originally published: Logan, W. Va.: G.T. Swain.

Swan, Philip G.  2007.  “‘The present defenceless state of the country’: Gunpowder Plots in Revolutionary South Carolina” [backcountry; Cherokees, Creeks].  South Carolina Historical Magazine 108, no. 4 (Ocotober): 297-315.

Taylor, Charles Lewis.  2010.  “Early Presbyterians in Montgomery County” [Va.; 1700s].  Smithfield Review: Studies in the History of the Region West of the Blue Ridge 14:5-21.  Scottish and Irish immigration, and the establishment of Blacksburg.

Thomasson, Basil Armstrong.  1996.  North Carolina Yeoman: The Diary of Basil Armstrong Thomasson, 1853-1862[Yadkin and Iredell Cos.].  Edited by Paul D. Escott.  Athens: University of Georgia Press.  355 pp.

Thorp, Daniel B.  1998.  “Taverns and Communities: The Case of Rowan County, North Carolina.”  In The Southern Colonial Backcountry: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Frontier Communities, ed. D. Crass, et al., 76-86.  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Trabue, Daniel.  [1981] 2004.  Westward into Kentucky: The Narrative of Daniel Trabue [1760-1840; Adair Co.].  Edited by Chester Raymond Young.  Reprint, with a new foreword by Daniel B. Smith.  Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.  218 pp.

Trimble, Ruth.  1999.  “Wilburn Waters: A Man for His Time” [1812-1879; bear hunting pioneer; Ashe Co., N.C., monument].  Appalachian Heritage 27 (Spring): 75-77.

Troxler, Carole Watterson.  2011.  Farming Dissenters: The Regulator Movement in Piedmont North Carolina [18th century].  Raleigh, N.C.: Office of Archives and History, North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources.  221 pp.  Cultural issues before and political aftermath of the Battle of Alamance, 1771.

Turk, David.  1997.  “Hugh Paul Taylor, Historian and Mapmaker” [1820s southwest Va.].  West Virginia History 56: 43-55.

University of Chicago, Filson Historical Society, and Library of Congress.  2002.  The First American West The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 [primary source documents online; 15,000 pages digitized].  American Memory project.  Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress.  .

Waddell, Louis M.  1995.  “Defending the Long Perimeter: Forts on the Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia Frontier, 1755-1765.”  Pennsylvania History 62 (Spring): 171-195.

Ward, Matthew C.  1995.  “Fighting the ‘Old Women’: Indian Strategy on the Virginia and Pennsylvania Frontier, 1754-1758.”  Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 103 (July): 297-320.

Ward, Matthew C.  2003.  Breaking the Backcountry: The Seven Years’ War in Virginia and Pennsylvania, 1754-1765.  Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press.  329 pp.

Ward, Matthew C.  2007.  “The ‘Peaceable Kingdom’ Destroyed: The Seven Years’ War and the Transformation of the Pennsylvania Backcountry.”  Pennsylvania History 74, no. 3 (Summer): 247-279.

Washington, George.  2004.  George Washington Remembers: Reflections on the French and Indian War [Western Pa.; 1755-1763].  Edited by Fred Anderson.  Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield.  175 pp.

Watkins, Sharon B.  2012.  “A Future French King Visits the Virginia Backcountry in 1797: The Travel Diary of Louis Philippe, Duke of Orleans” [1773-1850].  Smithfield Review: Studies in the History of the Region West of the Blue Ridge 16: 1-26.

Watts, Edward, and David Rachels, ed.  2002.  The First West: Writing from the American Frontier, 1776-1860[selected writings of 59 including William Bartram, David Crockett, Cherokee, and William Gilmore Simms].  New York: Oxford University Press.  944 pp.

Weidensaul, Scott.  2012.  The First Frontier: The Forgotten History of Struggle, Savagery, and Endurance in Early America.  Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcour.  474 pp.  Part II ends with an account of the Carolina deerskin and slave trade.  Part III explores the Pennsylvania backcountry.

West, Carroll Van, ed.  1995.  “Tennessee: The Backcountry Era.”  Special issue, Tennessee Historical Quarterly 54 (Winter): 281-374.

Wheeler, Arville.  [1958] 2000.  White Squaw: The True Story of Jennie Wiley [fictionalized account of 1789-1790 Indian captivity; Va., Ky.;  juvenile and teenage audience].  Rpt. ed.  Ashland, Ky.: Jesse Stuart Foundation.  163 pp.  Formerly published, Boston: Heath.

White, Clare.  2002.  “William Fleming, Patriot” [b. 1728].  Smithfield Review: Studies in the History of the Region West of the Blue Ridge 6: 26-37.  Fleming of Botetourt County, Va., was a University of Edinburgh trained doctor who fought at the 1774 Battle of Point Pleasant [(W.)Va.] and served briefly in 1781 as acting Governor of Virginia.

Willford, Harry W.  2003.  “The Virginia-Tennessee Boundary: The Walker Line?” [1780 survey; Thomas Walker].  Tennessee Historical Quarterly 62 (Summer): 110-129.

Williams, Kenneth H., ed.  2004.  “Life on the Kentucky Frontier: A Roundtable Discussion” [migration, settlement, women].  Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 102, no. 4: 460-487.

Wills, Wirt H.  2006.  “The ‘Phoenix’ Caper - A Frontiersman Goes to Sea” [Va. frontiersman John Floyd’s privateering in the West Indies, British capture, imprisonment and escape].  Smithfield Review: Studies in the History of the Region West of the Blue Ridge 10: 21-32.

Wilson, Darlene.  1998.  “Multicultural Mayhem and Murder in Virginia’s Backcountry: The Case of Pierre-Francois Tubeuf, 1792-1795" [French coal entrepreneur].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 4 (Spring): 57-86.

Wooldridge, William C.  2012.  Mapping Virginia: From the Age of Exploration to the Civil War.  Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.  376 pp.  “...the most comprehensive available selection of printed maps from Virginia’s first three hundred years,” with 196 color and 159 b&w illustrations.