Economic Conditions, Economic Development, Economic Policy, Poverty

Includes Appalachian Regional Commission programs, community action efforts, unemployment, housing, and hunger

Allen-Smith, Joyce E., Ronald C. Wimberley, and Libby V. Morris.  2000.  “America’s Forgotten People and Places: Ending the Legacy of Poverty in the Rural South” [Appalachia; Miss. Delta; and Black Belt].  Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 32 (August): 319-329.

Analysis of Global Competitiveness of Selected Industries and Clusters in the Appalachian Region [maps, tables, charts].  2004.  Prepared by Jack Faucett Associates, and Economic Development Research Group.  Transportation and Trade Studies of the Appalachian Region, no. 1.  Washington, D.C.: Appalachian Regional Commission, Online Resource Center.  180 pp.  http://arc.gov/index.do?nodeId=2583.

Anderson, Cynthia D., Michael D. Schulman, and Philip Wood.  2003.  “Place, Race, and State: Sustaining the Textile Security Zone in a Changing Southern Labor Market.”  In Communities of Work: Rural Restructuring in Local and Global Contexts, ed. W. Falk, M. Schulman, and A. Tickamyer, 31-54.  Athens: Ohio University Press.

Anglin, Mary K.  2002.  Lessons from Appalachia in the 20th Century: Poverty, Power, and the ‘Grassroots’” [Ky., Va., N.C.].  American Anthropologist 104 (June): 565-582.

Appalachian Entrepreneurs and Innovators.  1995.  Special issue, Now & Then: The Appalachian Magazine 12 (Winter): 1-40.

Appalachian Journal Roundtable Discussion: Robert S. Weise’s Grasping at Independence: Debt, Male Authority, and Mineral Rights in Appalachian Kentucky, 1850-1915 (University of Tennessee Press, 2001).  2002.  Compiled with assistance from Paul Salstrom, with contributions by John Hennen, Shaunna L. Scott, Altina Waller, Dwight B. Billings, with a response from Robert S. Weise.  Appalachian Journal 30 (Fall): 76-113.

Appalachian Kentucky and the War on Poverty.  2009.  Special issue, Register of the Kentucky Historical Society107, no. 3 (Summer): 300-417, with cover photo of Robert F. Kennedy, Letcher County, 1968.  Five articles, by Susan Youngblood Ashmore, Robert S. Weise, Thomas Kiffmeyer, Edward R. Schmitt, and John R. Burch Jr.

Appalachian Regional Commission.  1994.  General Economic  Indicators: Appalachia and United States, 1965- : Latest  Data Available.  Washington, D.C.: The Commission.  1 volume (various pagings).

Appalachian Regional Commission.  2004.  Moving Appalachia Forward: Appalachian Regional Commission Strategic Plan, 2005-2010.  Washington, D.C.: Appalachian Regional Commission.  33 pp.  http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS102811.

Appalachian Regional Commission.  2007.  Energizing Appalachia: A Regional Blueprint for Economic and Energy Development. Washington, D.C.: Appalachian Regional Commission.  27 pp.  http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS89063.

Appalachian Regional Commission.  2010.  Moving Appalachia Forward: Appalachian Regional Commission Strategic Plan, 2011-2016.  Washington, D.C.: Appalachian Regional Commission.  38 pp.  http://www.arc.gov/images/newsroom/publications/sp/arcstrategicplan2011-2016.pdf.

Appalachian Visions: How the Region Sees Its Future.  1996.  Special issue, Now & Then: The Appalachian Magazine 13 (Summer): 1-48.

Archer, Bill.  2009.  “Sharp’s Camp” [poor farm, living conditions; Mercer Co.; establ. 1920].  Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 35, no. 2 (Summer): 34-37.

Ashmore, Susan Youngblood.  2009.  “Introduction” [special issue, “Appalachian Kentucky and the War on Poverty”].  Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 107, no. 3 (Summer): 301-306.

Auletta, Ken.  [1982] 1999.  “Appalachia: The White Underclass.”  Chap. 12 in The Underclass.  Reprint.  Woodstock, N.Y.: Overlook Press.  Originally published: New York: Random House.

Bagi, Faqir S., Richard J. Reeder, and Samuel D. Calhoun. 1999.  “Federal Funding’s Unique Role in Appalachia” [underfunding].  Rural Development Perspectives 14 (May): 14-21.

Bailey, Jason.  1998.  “Cracks in the Pavement” [Tenn.; critical of proposed highway connecting Tri-Cities Regional Airport with Pigeon Forge/Gatlinburg].  Appalachian Heritage 26 (Summer): 31-34.

Baker, Alyson.  2002.  “The Flanary & Co. Store: A Century of Connections between Southern Appalachia and the Wider World” [Wise, Va.; Carl A. Ross Appalachian Undergraduate Student Paper Award for 2002].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 8 (Fall): 421-430.

Baker, Chris.  2005.  “Collaborations for Change: Who is Playing and Who Is Winning in Community-Based Organization Led Development in Rural Appalachia” [Ky., W. Va.; Southern Appalachian Labor School].  Humanity and Society 29, no. 3-4 (August-November): 327-350.

Baker, Chris.  2006.  “The Southern Appalachian Labor School: Communities of Difference and Development in Southern West Virginia” [Fayette Co.; volunteers, families, and alliances; with programs dedicated to housing, health care, after-school and daycare, job training, and other basic needs].  Now & Then: The Appalachian Magazine 22, no. 2 (Fall/Winter): 30-33.

Baldwin, Fred D.  1996.  “Appalachia’s Distressed Counties: Catching Up and Ready to Grow” [Pike and Martin Counties, Ky.].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 29 (January-April): 4-13.

Baldwin, Fred D.  1997.  “Alabama’s ‘Waste Not, Want Not’ Help to Small Business” [WRATT Foundation].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 30 (May-August): 14-17.

Baldwin, Fred D.  1997.  “Going for the Goals” [Va.’s New River Valley Planning District].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 30 (Sept.-Dec.): 14-19.

Baldwin, Fred D.  1997.  “Planning Means Business” [Tupelo and Lee Co., Miss.].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 30 (Sept.-Dec.): 32-35.

Baldwin, Fred D.  1997.  “Small is BIG Business in Eastern Tennessee” [Tennessee Small Business Development Center (TSBDC)].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 30 (May-August): 6-13.

Baldwin, Fred D.  1997.  “The Power of Vision: Making the Strategic Plan Come Alive” [local development districts in Northwest Pa. and Western N.C.].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 30 (Sept.-Dec.): 6-13.

Baldwin, Fred D.  1997.  “Vision and Involvement: Empowered Communities” [four community economic development projects in S.C., Ky., Va., and Miss.].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 30 (Jan.-Apr.): 6-13.

Baldwin, Fred D.  1997.  “WINGS: Women Entrepreneurs Take Flight” [Women’ Initiative Networking Groups (WINGS); Ky.].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 30 (May-August): 30-35.

Baldwin, Fred D.  1998.  “A Tale of Two Water Systems” [Amonate, Va.; Bishop, W. Va.].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 31 (May-August): 32-35.

Baldwin, Fred D.  1998.  “Growing Your Own” [Greene Co., Pa., small business development].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 31 (May-August): 22-25.

Baldwin, Fred D.  1998.  “Handmade Communities” [N.C.’s Rural Small Town Revitalization Project].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 31 (May-August): 26-31.

Baldwin, Fred D.  1998.  “Once Distressed, Jackson County Moves On” [N.C.].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 31 (September-December): 4-9.

Baldwin, Fred D.  1998.  “Reskilling the Workplace” [Ohio Industrial Training Program].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 31 (May-August): 14-19.

Baldwin, Fred D.  1998.  “Supplying the Demand for Training” [Northeastern Pennsylvania Industrial Resource Center].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 31 (January-April): 4-13.

Baldwin, Fred D.  1998.  “The Town That Helped Itself — To Water” [Smith Ridge, Va., water system financing assistance].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 31 (September-December): 34-39.

Baldwin, Fred D.  1998.  “Visionary Gene L. MacDonald” [Ohio; profiles Whisman-award-winning president of a local development district].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 31 (May-August): 36-37.

Baldwin, Fred D.  1999.  “A Factory Without Walls: Microbusinesses in Appalachia” [Garrett Co., Md.].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 32 (September-December): 2-7.

Baldwin, Fred D.  1999.  “Balancing Growth and Preservation” [S.C. Highway 11: Cherokee Foothills Scenic Highway Corridor Management Plan].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 32 (May-August): 22-26.

Baldwin, Fred D.  1999.  “Conference Highlights: Ideas That Work” [ARC fall conference goals, Wheeling, W. Va., October 12-13].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 32 (September-December): 12-21.

Baldwin, Fred D.  1999.  “The Process for Change” [Appalachian Community Learning Project; Ala., Tenn., Ohio, W. Va.].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 32 (January-April): 18-23.

Baldwin, Fred D.  2000.  “Building for the Future” [investing in infrastructure: Tishomingo Co., Miss., and Muskingum Co., Ohio].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 33 (January-April): 8-13.

Baldwin, Fred D.  2000.  “Infrastructure: Foundation for Development” [public investments leverage private].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 33 (May-August): 2-7.

Baldwin, Fred D.  2000.  “Kentucky’s Blueprint for Home Ownership” [advocacy and assistance for affordable housing].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 33 (September-December): 2-9.

Baldwin, Fred D.  2000.  “Launching Technology Jobs” [Tenn.; Technology 2020 public-private partnership].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 33 (January-April): 22-27.

Baldwin, Fred D.  2000.  “Tools for Entrepreneurship” [highlights of ARC-sponsored conference, September 18-19, Clermont Co., Ohio].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 33 (September-December): 16-23.

Baldwin, Fred D.  2001.  “Building Clusters: Building on Local Strengths” [Pa.’s wood-related businesses initiative].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 34 (September-December): 2-9.

Baldwin, Fred D.  2001.  “Developing Three-Star Communities” [Tenn.’s Three-Star program for community development; Campbell and Jefferson Cos.].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 34 (May-August): 30-33.

Baldwin, Fred D.  2003.  “Conference Report: Telecommunications and the Future of Appalachian Communities” [ARC, fall 2003, Abingdon, Va.].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 36 (July-December): 2-7.  Appended overview of 25 concurrent sessions, “Best Practices,” 8-13.

Baldwin, Fred D.  2003.  “Creating Opportunity through Information Technology” [Blue Ridge Business Development Center, Sparta, N.C.].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 36 (July-December): 14-19.

Baldwin, Fred D.  2003.  “Investing in a High-Tech Future” [West Virginia High Technology Consortium Foundation, Fairmont, W. Va.].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 36 (January-June): 27-31.

Baldwin, Fred D.  2004-2005.  “AllCoNet: A Mountain County Connects” [Allegany County, Md.; high-speed Internet access].  Appalachia Magazine: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission.  21 para.  http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS3423.

Baldwin, Fred D.  2004-2005.  “ARC Fall Conference Focuses on the ‘Rural Advantage’” [October 5-6, at Muskingum College, New Concord, Ohio; theme: “Winning the Economic Future: The Rural Advantage”].  Appalachia Magazine: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission.  31 para.  http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS3423.

Baldwin, Fred D.  2004-2005.  “Progress through Partnership: Reflections on ARC’s 40th Anniversary” [interview with ARC Federal Co-Chair Anne B. Pope, and Ohio Governor Bob Taft, 2005 ARC States’ Co-Chair].  Appalachia Magazine: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission.  21 para.  http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS3423.

Baldwin, Fred D.  2004-2005.  “West Virginia’s Shop Window on the World” [West Virginia Development Office helps small businesses compete in foreign markets].  Appalachia Magazine: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission.  24 para.  http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS3423.

Baldwin, Fred D.  2008.  “Appalachian Angels: Growing High-Tech Businesses in Western North Carolina.”  Appalachia Magazine: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 39: 34-40.  Profiles the Blue Ridge Entrepreneurial Council and the Blue Ridge Angel Investors Network.

Baldwin, Fred D.  2008.  “Catskill Connectivity: A New York County Adds Wireless.”  Appalachia Magazine: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 39: 26-33.  Delaware County; Delhi CyberCommunity.  http://www.arc.gov/index.do?nodeId=3176.

Baldwin, Fred D.  2008.  “Cultivating Entrepreneurship: A Pennsylvania Town-Gown Partnership.”  Appalachia Magazine: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 39: 2-9.  Huntington County; Juniata College Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership.  http://www.arc.gov/index.do?nodeId=3175.

Baldwin, Fred D.  2008.  “Rural Action: Revitalizing Appalachian Communities” [Ohio].  Appalachia Magazine: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 39: 10-17.  Sustainable economies/communities/environment.  http://www.arc.gov/index.do?nodeId=3173.

Baldwin, Fred D.  1996.  “Appalachian Highways: Almost Home but a Long Way to Go” [3,025 mile Appalachian Development Highway System].  Photography by Ann Hawthorne and Ken Murray.  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 29 (May-August): 4-13.

Baldwin, Fred.  2002.  “‘Serious Business’: Teaching Entrepreneurship Skills to Youths” [Hale Co., Ala.].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 34 (January-December): 10-15.

Baldwin, Fred.  2002.  “Creating Opportunities: Tennessee’s Southeast Regional Skills Center” [Marion Co.].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 34 (January-December): 22-27.

Baldwin, Fred.  2002.  “The New Appalachia: Capacity and Collaboration” [ARC conference, Prestonsburg, Ky., Nov. 7-8, 2001].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 34 (January-December): 2-9.

Barker, Garry.  1999.  “‘Our Contemporary Ancestors’ Discovered (Again)” [federal help and national attention per 1890s and 1960s].  Appalachian Heritage 27 (Summer): 10-11.

Bartlett, Lesley, and Jefferson C. Boyer.  2009.  “Participation Versus Mobilization: Cultural Styles of Political Action in an Appalachian County” [Watauga Co., N.C.].  In Participatory Development in Appalachia: Cultural Identity, Community, and Sustainability, ed. S. Keefe, 115-139.  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Bauman, Robert.  2006.  “Changes in the Appalachian Wage Gap, 1970-2000” [tables].  Growth and Change 37, no. 3 (September): 416-443.

Beaver, Patricia D.  2006.  “The Civil War on the North Fork of the New River: The Cultural Politics of Elevation & Sustaining Community” [Ashe Co., N.C.; Civil War to present].  Appalachian Journal 34, no. 1 (Fall): 98-116.

Benac, David.  2006.  “Whose Forest Is This? Hillfolk, Industrialists, and Government in the Ozarks” [1900-1930s; subsistence lifestyles, forests, conservation].  Missouri Historical Review 101, no. 1: 17-35.

Benhart, John, Jr.  2000.  “Applying GIS to Historical Geographical Analysis: Reconstructing an Urban Place from the Past” [Harriman, Tenn.; regional development, 1860-1900; maps].  Pennsylvania Geographer 37 (Spring/Summer): 76-99.

Bennett, Sara Lynne Rieder.  2008.  “Contextual Affordances of Rural Appalachian Individuals” [Ky.].  Journal of Career Development 34, no. 3 (March): 241-262.  Barriers; vocational psychology.

Berry, Wendell.  2010.  What Matters?: Economics for a Renewed Commonwealth.  Foreword by Herman E. Daly.  Berkeley, Calif.: Counterpoint.  193 pp.

Bickel, Robert, and Meghan McDonough.  1997.  “Opportunity, Community, and Reckless Lives: Social Distress Among Adolescents in West Virginia” [as a response to socioeconomic, not cultural/fatalistic, conditions].  Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless 6 (January): 29-44.

Billings, Dwight B., and Kathleen M. Blee.  2004.  “Social Origins of Appalachian Poverty: Markets, Cultural Strategies, and the State in an Appalachian Kentucky Community, 1804-1940” [Beech Creek study; Clay Co.].  Rethinking Marxism 16 (January): 19-36.

Billings, Dwight B., and Kathleen M. Blee.  2000.  The Road to Poverty: The Making of Wealth and Inequality in Appalachia [Clay Co., Ky.; longitudinal study].  New York: Cambridge University Press.  520 pp.  Weatherford Award winner.

Billings, Dwight B., and Ronald L. Lewis.  1995.  “Appalachian Culture and Economic Development.”  Report Number 6 to the Appalachian Regional Commission; Paper presented at the Southern Regional Science Association Meetings, San Antonio, TX, April 20-23, 1995.  Morgantown: West Virginia University, Regional Research Institute.  60 pp.  “This paper assesses the social theory underlying Appalachian economic development policy during the past thirty years.  This theory assumes a region-wide subculture still being shaped by the geographical and cultural isolation of the frontier past .... We argue that current historical research and cultural theory challenge the commonplace assumption about the persistence, even the existence, of a traditional Appalachian subculture, and suggest that investment in human resources as well as infrastructure would yield a more effective policy.”

Bindas, Kenneth J.  2007.  Remembering the Great Depression in the Rural South [600 Ga., Ala., and Tenn. reminiscences, collected 1980s-1990s; FSA photos].  Gainesville: University Press of Florida.  184 pp.

Bishops Speak Out on Behalf of Appalachia.  1996.  Christian Century 113 (January 3-10): 6.  Reviews a 73-page pastoral message from 25 bishops.

Black, Dan A., and Seth G. Sanders.  2004.  “Labor Market Performance, Poverty, and Income Inequality in Appalachia” [distressed counties, 1990-2000; maps, tables].  Demographic and Socioeconomic Change in Appalachia series.  Washington, D.C.: Appalachian Regional Commission, Online Resource Center.  60 pp.  http://www.arc.gov/research/researchreportdetails.asp?REPORT_ID=32.

Black, Dan A., Mark Mather, and Seth G. Sanders.  2007.  Standards of Living in Appalachia, 1960-2000 [trends in housing and consumption; graphs, charts].  Washington, D.C.: Population Reference Bureau; Appalachian Regional Commission.  18 pp. http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS100131.

Boettner, Ted.  2012.  “Reducing Child Care Assistance: The Impact on West Virginia’s Low-Income Working Families” (November 9, 2012).  West Virginia Center on Budget & Policy, Charleston, W. Va.  925 words.  http://www.wvpolicy.org/reducing-child-care-assistance-the-impact-on-west-virginias-low-income-working-families.

Bohland, James, and Anita Puckett.  2000.  “Decline of Space, The Ascent of Place: Internet Technology in Appalachia.”  In A Geographic Perspective of Pittsburgh and the Alleghenies: From Precambrian to Post-Industrial, ed. K. Patrick and J. Scarpaci, 182-188.  Washington, D.C.: Association of American Geographers.

Bolton, Charles C.  1994.  Poor Whites of the Antebellum South: Tenants and Laborers in Central North Carolina and Northeast Mississippi.  Durham: Duke University Press.  258 pp.  Contents: A window into the world of Antebellum poor whites: the story of Edward Isham -- “A third class of white people”: poor whites in North Carolina’s central Piedmont -- A troubling presence: white poverty in a slave society -- Poverty moves West: the migration of poor whites to the Old Southwest -- Poor whites in the cotton South: Northeast Mississippi -- Electoral politics and the popular presence: the political world of the Antebellum South -- Electoral politics versus the popular presence: the secession crisis in North Carolina -- Electoral politics versus the popular presence: the secession crisis in Mississippi -- Epilogue: Poor whites and the “New South.”

Bragg, Rick.  2009.  The Most They Ever Had.  San Francisco, Calif.: MacAdam Cage.  156 pp.  Stories of hard lives of cotton textile mill workers in Jacksonville, Ala.

Brosi, George.  2010.  “This Side of the Mountain” [editorial on high-speed Internet haves and have-nots, and need for universal access].  Appalachian Heritage 38, no. 2 (Spring): 6-7.

Buckley, Geoffrey L., Timothy G. Anderson, and Nancy R. Bain.  2006.  “Living on the Fringe: A Geographic Profile of Appalachian Ohio” [settlement era; coal economy].  In Pittsburgh and the Appalachians: Cultural and Natural Resources in a Postindustrial Age, ed. J. Scarpaci, 178-190.  Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press.

Bukenya, James O., Tesfa G. Gebremedhin, and Peter V. Schaeffer.  2003.  “Analysis of Quality of Life and Rural Development: Evidence from West Virginia Data.”  Growth and Change 34 (Spring): 202-218.

Burch, John R., Jr  2009.  “The Turner Family of Breathitt County, Kentucky, and the War on Poverty” [1965-66].  Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 107, no. 3 (Summer): 401-417.  One corrupt family’s control over federal money funneled through the Middle Kentucky River Area Development Council, local OEO Community Action Program.

Burch, John R., Jr.  2008.  Owsley County, Kentucky, and the Perpetuation of Poverty [1850s-1960s; tables].  Contributions to Southern Appalachian Studies, no. 18.  Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland.  221 pp.

Cahill, Kevin J.  1998.  “Fertilizing the Weeds: The Rural Rehabilitation Program in West Virginia” [Depression-era; standard loan program’s mixed results].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 4 (Fall): 285-297.

Calzonetti, Frank J., T. Allison, and Jay Gatrell.  1999.  “Science and Technology Capability and Economic Development in Lagging States: The Case of West Virginia Manufacturing.”  Southeastern Geographer 39 (May): 22-45.

Casto, James E.  1998.  “A Caring Company” [Ritchie Co., W. Va.; corporate citizenship].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 31 (May-August): 26-29.

Casto, James E.  1999.  “Special Report: President Clinton Visits Appalachia” [Jackson Co. and Hazard, Ky.].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 32 (May-August): 2-7.

Casto, James E.  2000.  “Learning Skills, Building Futures” [Fayette Co., W. Va.; unemployed youth build houses].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 33 (September-December): 10-15.

Casto, James E.  2001.  “Targeting Resources for Local Growth” [Kentucky Appalachian Community Development Initiative].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 34 (May-August): 28-32.

Casto, James E.  1996.  “West Virginia’s Corridor L Opens the Door to Tourists” [new 70-mile north/south highway in Central W. Va.].  Photography by Ann Hawthorne.  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 29 (May-August): 14-19.

Catholic Bishops of Appalachia Present.  [1975; 1995] 2007.  This Land Is Home to Me (1975): A Pastoral Letter on Powerlessness in Appalachia by the Catholic Bishops of the Region & At Home in the Web of Life (1995): A Pastoral Message on Sustainable Communities in Appalachia, Celebrating the 20th Anniversary of “This Land Is Home to Me” from the Catholic Bishops of Appalachia.  Combined edition.  Appalachian pastoral letters, with photos by Warren Brunner.  Martin, Ky.: Catholic Committee of Appalachia.  120 pp.  http://www.ccappal.org/CCAbook040307.pdf.

Caudill, Harry M.  [1976] 2010.  The Watches of the Night.  Ashland, Ky.: Jesse Stuart Foundation.  290 pp.  Originally published: Boston: Little, Brown.  “Sequel to Night Comes to the Cumberlands” (1963).

Caudill, Harry.  [1963] 2001.  Night Comes to the Cumberlands.  Reprint, with an afterword by James K. Caudill.  Ashland, Ky.: Jesse Stuart Foundation.  404 pp.  Originally published: Boston: Little, Brown.

Che, Deborah.  2005.  “Constructing a Prison in the Forest: Conflicts Over Nature, Paradise, and Identity” [postindustrial prison development; Forest Co., Pa.].  Annals of the Association of American Geographers 95 (December): 809-831.

Chiang, Elizabeth.  2004.  “The Great Storm That Swept Through: The Effects of Globalization on Indiana County” [1980s deindustrialization and colonization].  Pennsylvania History 71 (Spring): 165-190.

Cho, Seong-Hoon, David H. Newman, and David N. Wear.  2003.  “Impacts of Second Home Development on Housing Prices in the Southern Appalachian Highlands.”  Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies15 (November): 208-225.

Cirillo, Marie.  2002.  “From the Ground Up: The Community-Building of Marie Cirillo” [activist, ex-Glenmary Sister; Clearfork Valley, Campbell Co., Tenn.].  An Interview by Caroline E. Knight, Sarah Poteete, Amy Sparrow, and Jessica C. Wrye [conducted Sept. 25, 2001, Boone, N.C.].  Appalachian Journal 30 (Fall): 30-56.

Coclanis, Peter A., and Louis M. Kyriakoudes.  2007.  “Selling Which South? Economic Change in Rural and Small-Town North Carolina in an Era of Globalization, 1940–2007” [tables; shaded county outline map].  Southern Cultures 13, no. 4 (Winter): 86-102.

Cohen, Stuart.  2009.  The Likes of Us: America in the Eyes of the Farm Security Administration [photos].  Edited with a foreword by Peter Bacon Hales.  Boston: David R. Godine.  183 pp.  Depression-era, documentary settings and portraits by Ben Shahn, Walker Evans, Dorothea Lange, Sheldon Dick, Marion Post Wolcott, Russell Lee, and Carl Mydans, including settings in W. Va., Ky., Pa., Oh., Ala., and Ark.

Colias, Christopher.  2002.  “Almost Heaven Still? Post-Industrial Development and Local Response in Fayette County, West Virginia” [New River Gorge area].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 8 (Spring): 91-119.

Collins, Timothy, Ronald D. Eller, and Glen Edward Taul.  1996.  KRADD: Historic Trends and Geographic Patterns[Kentucky River Area Development District].  Lexington: University of Kentucky Appalachian Center.  58 pp.

Communities of Hope: Preparing for the Future in Appalachian Kentucky: Report of the Kentucky Appalachian Task Force.  1995.  Lexington: University of Kentucky Appalachian Center.  96 pp.

Cook, Samuel R.  1998.  “The Great Depression, Subsistence, and Views of Poverty in Wyoming County, West Virginia.”  Journal of Appalachian Studies 4 (Fall): 271-283.

Cooper, John.  2010.  “Living Through the Great Depression” [memoir; b. 1919; Gilmer Co.].  Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 36, no. 1 (Spring): 28-33.

Cornett, Tim.  2009.  Bell County, Kentucky: A Brief History.  Charleston, S.C.: History Press.  158 pp.  Contents: Early residents -- Walker enters Kentucky -- Walden, Finley and Boone -- The Wilderness Road -- Early settlements -- Kentucky becomes a state and Cumberland Ford -- The Civil War and the tragedy of Cumberland Ford -- Josh Bell County formed -- Cumberland Ford thrives and Middlesborough begins -- Mining and railroads come to the county -- Pineville incorporated -- Middlesborough: tent city to magic city -- Boom and then bust -- Surviving the bust and the first legal hanging -- Coal creates new boom -- Growth continues -- Mine accidents and economic woes -- Improving roads and the last hanging -- World war brings another boom -- Education improves in the ‘20s -- Hollywood comes to Bell County and the first park is created -- The Crash, Kettle Island mine disaster and union trouble -- The Depression, a female sheriff and chaining the rock -- Battle of Fork Ridge and world war -- Tragedy and disaster -- On to fame and fortune -- Radio stations and national park -- Broadform deeds and strip mining -- Rhodes, Yeary and Job -- Flood and floodwall -- Closing the twentieth century.

Costa, Tom.  1995.  “Connecting Appalachia: A Survey of Recent Work in Early American History With Reference to Southern Appalachia.”  In Appalachia and the Politics of Culture, ed. E. C. Fine.  Journal of the Appalachian Studies Association 7: 67-78.  Johnson City: East Tennessee State University, Center for Appalachian Studies and Services.

Couto, Richard A.  1995.  “The Spatial Distribution of Wealth and Poverty in Appalachia.”  Journal of Appalachian Studies 1 (Fall): 99-120.

Couto, Richard A.  1999.  Making Democracy Work Better: Mediating Structures, Social Capital, and the Democratic Prospect [negative effects of 1980s market capitalism in Appalachia].  Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.  336 pp.

Couto, Richard A.  2004.  “Appalachia and Market Economics: The Invisible Hand and Its Powerful Arm” [Conclusion to Special Issue, “Appalachian Counts: The Region in the 2000 Census”].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 10, no. 3: 407-420.

Couto, Richard.  1994.  An American Challenge: A Report on  Economic Trends and Social Issues in Appalachia.  Report  issued by the Commission of Religion in Appalachia.  Dubuque,  IA: Kendall/Hunt.  291 pp.

Cowan, Tadlock.  2005.  “California’s San Joaquin Valley: A Region in Transition” [socioeconomic comparison of California’s eight-county Central Valley with 68 counties in Central Appalachia].  CRS Report for CongressRL33184. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress.  365 pp.  http://opencrs.com/document/RL33184/.

Deaton, B. James, and Ekaterina Niman.  2012.  “An Empirical Examination of the Relationship between Mining Employment and Poverty in the Appalachian Region.”  Applied Economics 44, no. 3: 303-312.

Deaton, B. James.  2005.  “Land ‘in Heirs’: Building a Hypothesis Concerning Tenancy in Common and the Persistence of Poverty in Central Appalachia” [Letcher Co., Ky.; strip mining].  Journal of Appalachian Studies11, no. 1-2 (Spring-Fall): 83-94.

Dewees, Sarah, Linda Lobao, and Louis E. Swanson.  2003.  “Local Economic Development in an Age of Devolution: The Question of Rural Localities” [Ohio River Valley Region; tables].  Rural Sociology 68 (June): 182-206.

Dilger, Robert Jay, et al.  2004.  Welfare Reform in West Virginia [1996 welfare reform law outcomes].  Contributors: Robert Jay Dilger, Eleanor H. Blakely, Melissa Latimer, Barry L. Locke, F. Carson Mencken, L. Christopher Plein, Lucinda A. Potter, and David Williams.  Morgantown: West Virginia University Press.  326 pp.

Dobkins, Linda Harris.  2000.  “Economic Prospects in Appalachian Virginia: A Comparative Analysis of Employment Specialization” [1947-1995; tables].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 6 no. 1-2 (Spring/Fall): 131-150.

Dotson, Rand.  2007.  Roanoke, Virginia, 1882-1912: Magic City of the New South [industrialization].  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.  338 pp.

Dodge, J. R. (Jacob Richards).  2011 [1865].  West Virginia: Its Farms and Forests, Mines and Oilwells.  West Virginia Classics series, no. 1.  Morgantown: West Virginia University Press.  227 pp.  Tables.  Originally published: Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co.  Original subtitle: “With a Glimpse of Its Scenery, a Photograph of Its Population, and an Exhibit of Its Industrial Statistics.”

Dorsey, Christopher.  2011.  Southern West Virginia and the Struggle for Modernity.  Contributions to Southern Appalachian Studies, no. 28.  Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland.  218 pp.  Contents: The rediscovery of Appalachia and the coming of industrialization -- Life and death in the early company towns -- The coming of the unions and the Paint Creek-Cabin Creek Strike -- Profiles in corruption and failed government: the Matewan Massacre and the battle for Blair Mountain -- FDR’s legacy: the great Depression and continuing problems with public welfare, agriculture, and unemployment -- Health and the mountaineer: perspectives on public and occupational health -- Democracy lost: political corruption and the impact on political involvement -- Culture, identity, and modernization -- Mountaintop removal and the battle for hearts and minds.

Dotson, Rand.  2008.  “New South Boomtown: Roanoke, Virginia, 1882-1884.”  Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 116, no. 2 (March): 150-190.  Urbanization and industrialization.

Dunaway, Wilma A.  1999.  “Crisis, Transition, and Resistance Movements: A Conversation with Immanuel Wallerstein” [interview; comparison with Myles Horton and Paulo Freire].  Appalachian Journal 26 (Spring): 284-305.

Duncan, Cynthia M.  1999.  Worlds Apart: Why Poverty Persists in Rural America [case studies: Ky. (Harlan Co.?), Miss., N.H.].  Foreword by Robert Coles.  New Haven: Yale University Press.  325 pp.

Duncan, Cynthia M.  2001.  “Civic Life in Gray Mountain: Sizing Up the Legacy of New England’s Blue-Collar Middle Class” [incl. an Appalachian coal county and Miss. Delta plantation; 350 interviews].  Journal of Socio-Economics 30 (no. 2): 133-137.

Duncan, Cynthia M.  2001.  “Social Capital in America’s Poor Rural Communities” [Appalachia and Miss. Delta].  In Social Capital and Poor Communities, ed. S. Saegert, J. Thompson, and M. Warren, 60-86.  New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Duncan, Cynthia.  2006.  “Why Poverty Persists in Appalachia: An Interview with Cynthia Duncan” [29 December 2005].  FRONTLINE, 9 January.  Boston: WGBH Educational Foundation.  Duncan responds to FRONTLINE’s documentary, “Country Boys” (PBS, 2006).  She is the author of Worlds Apart: Why Poverty Persists in Rural America (1999).  http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/countryboys/readings/duncan.html.

Eelman, Bruce W.  2004.  “Entrepreneurs in the Southern Upcountry: The Case of Spartanburg, South Carolina, 1815-1880.”  Enterprise & Society 5 (March): 77-106.

Eller, Ron D., and Anne Whisman.  1996.  “John Whisman, Builder of Dreams: Two Remembrances” [d.1995; instrumental in setting up the Appalachian Regional Commission].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 29 (January-April): 40-44.

Eller, Ron.  1997.  Conversation on Distressed Counties [interview with Ron Eller, Amy K. Glasmeier, and Greg Bischak; 108 of Appalachia’s 406 counties are classified as distressed]. Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 31 (September-December): 10-17.

Eller, Ronald D.  1994.  Kentucky’s Distressed Communities: A  Report on Poverty in Appalachian Kentucky, by Ronald D. Eller  with others.  Lexington: University of Kentucky, Appalachian  Center.  48 pp., plus appendices A-D.

Eller, Ronald D.  2004.  “Modernization, 1940-2000.”  In High Mountains Rising: Appalachia in Time and Place, ed. R. Straw and H. Blethen, 197-219.  Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Eller, Ronald D.  2008.  Uneven Ground: Appalachia Since 1945.  Introductory poem by Jim Wayne Miller, “How America Came to the Mountains.”  Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.  326 pp.  Weatherford Award winner for nonfiction.  Landmark study on Appalachian public policy; paradox of progress; coal company exploitation; political corruption.

Eller, Ronald D.  2012.  “History’s Lessons for the Future of Appalachia.”  West Virginia History, n.s. 6, no. 2 (Fall): 35-44.  Keynote address at Third Annual Meeting of the Society of Appalachian Historians, West Virginia University, May 21–22, 2012.

Feser, Edward, and Harvey Goldstein.  2002.  Regional Technology Assets and Opportunities: The Geographic Clustering of High-Tech Industry, Science and Innovation in Appalachia [tables, figures, maps; title page title: Technology Clusters in Appalachia].  Report prepared for the Appalachian Regional Commission by Edward Feser and Harvey Goldstein, principal investigators; Henry Renski and Catherine Renault, research assistants.  Chapel Hill, N.C.: Office of Economic Development, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.  132 pp.

Fisher, Steve.  2000.  “Grassroots Rule: Richard Couto on the Democratic Prospect for Appalachia.”  Appalachian Journal 27 (Summer): 368-376.  Review essay of Making Democracy Work Better: Mediating Structures, Social Capital, and the Democratic Prospect, by R. Couto (University of North Carolina Press, 1999).

Flynt, Wayne.  [1989] 2002.  Poor but Proud: Alabama’s Poor Whites [1865-1930s; award-winning study].  Reprint.  Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.  469 pp.

Flynt, Wayne.  2008.  “Memoir and Historical Reality: White Poverty Through the Eyes of Rick Bragg and Barbara Robinette Moss” [Calhoun Co., Ala.].  Southern Humanities Review 42, no. 4 (Fall): 305-327.

Fritsch, Al, and Kristin Johannsen.  2004.  Ecotourism in Appalachia: Marketing the Mountains [benefits, pitfalls, criteria].  Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.  320 pp.

Fuellhart, Kurt, and Paul Marr.  2007.  “Economic Impacts of Trucking and Warehousing in South-Central Pennsylvania” [I-81 corridor; $2.5 billion in regional output, 28,000 jobs, and $1.41 billion in value added].  Pennsylvania Geographer 45, no. 1 (Spring/Summer): 85-103.

Gatrell, Jay D., and Frank J. Calzonetti.  2003.  “Growing Competitiveness in Appalachia: Strategic Science & Technology Planning in West Virginia” [clustering technology development; federal support; tables, maps].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 9 (Fall): 283-320.

Gebremariam, Gebremeskel H., Tesfa G. Gebremedhin, and Peter V. Schaeffer.  2011.  “Employment, Income, and Migration in Appalachia: A Spatial Simultaneous Equations Approach” [1990-2000].  Journal of Regional Science 51, no. 1 (February): 102-120.

Gilliom, John.  1997.  “Everyday Surveillance, Everyday Resistance: Computer Monitoring in the Lives of the Appalachian Poor” [48 Ohio welfare mothers].  Studies in Law, Politics, and Society 16: 275-297.

Gilliom, John.  2001.  Overseers of the Poor: Surveillance, Resistance, and the Limits of Privacy [welfare mothers; Ohio].  Chicago Series in Law and Society.  Chicago: University of Chicago Press.  262 pp.

Gioielli, Robert.  2005.  “Suburbs v. Slot Machines: The Committee of 500 and the Battle over Gambling in Northern Kentucky” [1950s Newport, Campbell Co.].  Ohio Valley History 5, no. 2 (Summer): 61-84.

Glasmeier, Amy K., and Tracey L. Farrigan.  2003.  “Poverty, Sustainability, and the Culture of Despair: Can Sustainable Development Strategies Support Poverty Alleviation in America's Most Environmentally Challenged Communities?” [Appalachia].  Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 590 (November): 131-149.

Glasmeier, Amy.  2006.  “Appalachia: A Land Apart in a Wealthy Nation” [maps, figures, tables].  In An Atlas of Poverty in America: One Nation, Pulling Apart, 1960-2003,  52-55.  New York: Routledge.

Glen, John M.  1995.  “The War on Poverty in Appalachia: Oral History from the ‘Top Down’ and the ‘Bottom Up’.”  Oral History Review 22 (Summer): 67-93.

Godden, Richard, and Martin Crawford, ed.  2006.  Reading Southern Poverty between the Wars, 1918-1939.  Athens: University of Georgia Press.  247 pp.  Contents: 1. Ted Ownby.  Three Agrarianisms and the Idea of a South without Poverty -- 2. Stuart Kidd.  Dissonant Encounters: FSA Photographers and the Southern Underclass, 1935-43 -- 3. Siobhan Davis.  Not Readily Visualized by Industrial Workers and Urban Dwellers: Published Images of Rural Women from the FSA Collection, 1935-37 -- 4. Vivien M. L. Miller.  Murder, “Convict Flogging Affairs,” and Debt Peonage: The Roaring Twenties in the American South -- 5. Clive Webb.  “Ain't Worth a Damn for Nothin’”: The New Deal and Child Labor in Southern Textiles -- 6. Andrew Warnes.  From Memphis to Bandung: The Political Uses of Hunger in Richard Wright's Black Boy -- 7. John C. Inscoe.  “All Manner of Defeated, Shiftless, Shifty, Pathetic, and Interesting Good People”: Autobiographical Encounters with Southern Poverty -- 8. James C. Giesen.  Creating “Nate Shaw”: The Making and Remaking of All God’s Dangers -- 9. Richard Gray.  A Southern Writer and Class War in the Mountains: Grace Lumpkin’s To Make My Bread -- 10. Peter Nicolaisen.  Rural Poverty and the Heroics of Farming: Elizabeth Madox Roberts’s The Time of Man and Ellen Glasgow’s Barren Ground -- 11. John T. Matthews.  Trashing Modernism: Erskine Caldwell on the Southern Poor -- 12. Robert H. Brinkmeyer Jr.  Marginalization and Mobility: Segregation and the Representation of Southern Poor Whites.

Gold & Green: Together Again [“study ranks states on 20 ‘gold’ economic and 20 ‘green’ environmental indicators to provide a telling snapshot that diffuses the ‘jobs versus the environment’ myth”].  Special report from the Institute for Southern Studies.  Southern Exposure 29: 3-5.  http://216.22.129.158.

Goode, James B.  1996.  “The Kentucky Appalachian Task Force: Re-Democratization of Appalachia.” [Communities of Hope final report, and timeline].  Appalachian Heritage 24 (Fall): 36-48.

Graham, Julie, Stephen Healy, and Kenneth Byrne.  2002.  “Constructing the Community Economy: Civic Professionalism and the Politics of Sustainable Regions” [with comments on “Appalachia as a Global Region: Toward Critical Regionalism and Civic Professionalism” by Herbert Reid and Betsy Taylor, Journal of Appalachian Studies 8 (Spring 2002): 9-32].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 8 (Spring 2002): 50-61.

Grant, John A.  1999.  Coxey’s 38-Day March: Through the Alleghenies in Search of Economic Justice [Jacob Coxey, 1854-1951].  Edited by Anthony E. Crosby.  Frostburg, Md.: Council of the Alleghenies.  202 pp.  “Coxey’s Army” of unemployed men, one of a number of “industrial armies” of unemployed men in 1894, paraded from town to town from Ohio to Washington.

Green, Jordan.  1997.  “Marijuana Is a Major Kentucky Cash Crop, But Who Profits?”  Southern Exposure 25 (Spring/Summer): 4-5.

Gritter, Elizabeth, and Billy E. Barnes.  2005.  “Forty Years after the War on Poverty: Interview with Photographer Billy E. Barnes.”  Southern Cultures 11, no. 4 (Winter): 78-95.

Hammer, Roger, Robin Blakely, and Paul Voss.  2003.  “The Effects of Integrating the U.S. Census Bureau’s Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates into the Appalachian Regional Commission’s Designation of Economically Distressed Counties.”  Economic Development Quarterly 17 (May): 165-174.

Harrington, Michael.  [1962] 1997.  The Other America: Poverty in the United States.  New introduction by Irving Howe.  New York: Simon & Schuster.  231 pp.  Originally published: New York: Macmillan.  Classic report that led to President Johnson’s 1964 “War on Poverty.”

Harshman, Cheryl.  2007.  “Marx Toy Company: Making Memories in Glen Dale” [Marshall Co.; estab. 1919; once the world’s largest toy manufacturer; closed 1979].  Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 33, no. 4 (Winter): 8-13.  Sidebar: “The Official Marx Toy Museum” [Moundsville], 14-15.

Hartshorn, Truman A., and Susan M. Walcott.  2000.  “The Three Georgias: Emerging Realignments at the Dawn of the New Millennium” [economic growth; rural poverty; county outline maps].  Southeastern Geographer 40 (November): 127-150.

Hatch, Elvin.  2008.  “Modernity with a Mountain Inflection.”  Journal of Appalachian Studies 14, no. 1-2 (Spring-Fall): 145-159.  Western N.C.; subsistence farming; modernity and consumerism; the social meaning of wealth.

Hatch, Elvin.  2009.  “A New Company in Town: Lessons on Local Identity and Community Development in the Mountain South.”  In Participatory Development in Appalachia: Cultural Identity, Community, and Sustainability, ed. S. Keefe, 45-65.  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Hathaway, James T., and James C. Hughes.  2006.  “Factory Outlet Malls: Prime Outlets at Grove City” [Pa.].  In Pittsburgh and the Appalachians: Cultural and Natural Resources in a Postindustrial Age, ed. J. Scarpaci, 141-149.  Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press.

Haynes, Ada F.  1997.  Poverty in Central Appalachia: Underdevelopment and Exploitation.  Garland Studies in the History of American Labor.  New York: Garland.  225 pp.

Hayward, Peter, and Jason Parent.  2009.  “Modeling the Influence of the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) on Poverty in Pennsylvania.”  Pennsylvania Geographer 47, no. 1 (Spring-Summer): 120-135.  Shaded county outline maps.

Hedges, Chris, and Joe Sacco.  2012.  “Days of Devastation: Welch, West Virginia.”  Chap. 3 in Days of Destruction, Days of Revolt, by C. Hedges and J. Sacco, 115-175.  New York: Nation Books.  Graphic drawings, descriptions, and oral histories show the horrific toll of corporate capitalism on this historic coal town.

Helmick, James Russell.  2009.  “‘It Was a Hard Life’: Growing Up at the Pendleton County Poor Farm” [b. 1926].  Interview by William D. Rexroad.  Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 35, no. 2 (Summer): 38-43.

Henderson, Debra A., Ann R. Tickamyer.  2008.  “Lost in Appalachia: The Unexpected Impact of Welfare Reform on Older Women in Rural Communities.”  Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare 35, no. 3 (September): 153-171.

Hennen, John C.  1996.  The Americanization of West Virginia: Creating a Modern Industrial State, 1916-1925.  Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.  217 pp.

Hennen, John.  2011.  “Caudill’s Watches of the Night Revisited” [review essay; Ashland, Ky.: Jesse Stuart Foundation (2010); originally published: Little, Brown (1976) – a “sequel to Night Comes to the Cumberlands” (1963), by Harry Caudill].  Appalachian Journal 38, no. 4 (Summer): 442-447.

Hinsdale, Mary Ann, Helen Lewis, and Maxine Waller.  1995.  It Comes From the People: Community Development and Local Theology.  Philadelphia: Temple University Press.  400 pp.

Hipple, F. Steb, and Douglas P. Dotterweich.  1997.  “The Sources of Income Growth in the New River Valley” [N.C., Va., W. Va.; since 1970s].  In  Proceedings, New River Symposium, April 11-12, 1997, Glade Springs Resort, Daniels, West Virginia, 59-66.  Glen Jean, W. Va.: National Park Service.

Hoffman, Carl.  1998.  “Bringing High Tech Home” [Galax, Va.; Printed Circuit Solutions Manufacturing, Inc.].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 31 (May-August): 38-44.

Hoffman, Carl.  1998.  “Going Global Pays Off” [Alabama International Trade Center].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 31 (May-August): 20-25.

Hoffman, Carl.  1998.  “Hammering Home Skills” [Va.; job training in housing rehabilitation].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 31 (September-December): 18-21.

Hoffman, Carl.  1998.  “North Carolina Connects” [computer network connects 12 child-care centers in four N.C. counties].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 31 (May-August): 30-35.

Hoffman, Carl.  1999.  “BIC Makes It Happen” [Business Innovation Center; small business growth, Tompkins Co., N.Y.].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 32 (January-April): 24-29.

Hoffman, Carl.  1999.  “Starting with the Business Basics” [Va.; small business loans].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 32 (September-December): 8-11.

Hoffman, Carl.  2000.  “Mining Fresh Water for Aquaculture” [Mingo Co., W. Va.; utilizing coal mine water discharge for fish farming].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 33 (May-August): 20-25.

Hoffman, Carl.  2001.  “Bringing a Community Online” [Marietta, Washington Co., Ohio ISP].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 34 (May-August): 22-27.

Hoffman, Carl.  2001.  “Providing a Home for Start-Ups” [Ala.; Shoals Entrepreneurial Center].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 34 (January-April): 16-21.

Hoffman, Carl.  2003.  “A Voice for Appalachia” [Dave Lollis; Ky.-based community corporation for affordable loans].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 36 (January-June): 32-37.

Hoffman, Carl.  2003.  “Hands-on Training for Community Leadership” [Brushy Fork Leadership Development Program, outreach arm of Berea College].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 36 (July-December): 32-36.

Hoffman, Carl.  2003.  “Shoals Commercial Culinary Center: Helping Specialty Food Businesses Take Off” [Florence, Ala.].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 36 (July-December): 26-31.

Hoffman, Nancy.  2001.  Eleanor Roosevelt and the Arthurdale Experiment [W. Va.; New

Deal subsistence homestead program; adolescent literature].  North Haven, Conn.: Linnet Books.  109 pp.

Howard, Patricia Brake.  1998.  “Tennessee in War and Peace: The Impact of World War II on State Economic Trends.”  In Tennessee History: The Land, The People, and the Culture, ed. C. Van West, 413-435.  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Hunter, Elizabeth.  1997.  “Sustaining the Harvest” [Clinch Powell Sustainable Development Initiative (CPSDI); Scott Co., Va., and Hancock Co., Tenn.]. Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 30 (May-August): 24-29.

Irving, Shelley K.  2008.  “State Welfare Rules, TANF Exits, and Geographic Context: Does Place Matter?”  Rural Sociology 73, no. 4 (December): 605-630.  Temporary Assistance for Needy Families; tables; 1996-2003.

Isserman, Andrew, and Terance Rephann.  1995.  “The Economic Effects of the Appalachian Regional Commission: An Empirical Assessment of 26 Years of Regional Development Planning.”  Journal of the American Planning Association 61 (Summer): 345-364.

Isserman, Andrew M.  1997.  “Appalachia Then and Now: An Update of “The Realities of Deprivation” Report to the President in 1964" [excerpt from “A Socioeconomic Review of Appalachia”: A Report Prepared for the Appalachian Regional Commission].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 3 (Spring): 43-69. [maps, pp. 62-69]

Isserman, Andrew M., Edward Feser, and Drake Warren.  2007.  “Why Some Rural Communities Prosper While Others Do Not” [measurements of rural prosperity; national scope; maps; tables].  A Report to USDA Rural Development, 23 May 2007.  42 pp.  Accessed Nov. 11, 2007.  http://www.ace.uiuc.edu/Reap/IssermanFeserWarren_070523_RuralProsperity.pdf.

Isserman, Andrew M., Edward Feser, and Drake E. Warren.  2009.  “Why Some Rural Places Prosper and Others Do Not.”  International Regional Science Review 32, no. 3 (July): 300-342.

James, Ryan.  2010.  “Where is the South? Using Beta Convergence to Define a Fuzzy Region.”  Southeastern Geographer 50, no. 3 (Fall): 346-365.  Technical study using post-WWII economic changes in relation to historic poverty as a starting point.  Tables; maps.

Jensen, J. Bradford, and Amy K. Glasmeier.  2001.  “Restructuring Appalachian Manufacturing in 1963-1992: The Role of Branch Plants.”  Growth and Change 32 (Spring): 251-282.

Jolley, Harley E.  2007.  That Magnificent Army of Youth and Peace: The Civilian Conservation Corps in North Carolina, 1933-1942.  Raleigh: Office of Archives and History, North Carolina Dept. of Cultural Resources.  167 pp.

Jones, Diane Nelson.  2000.  “Appalachia’s War” [three-part series; results of the 1964 War on Poverty].  Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 26-28 November.  Part 1: “Appalachia’s War: The Poorest of the Poor Struggle Back” (Nov. 26, A1, 3178 words).  Part 2: “Appalachia’s War: A Tale of Two Successes” (Nov. 27, A1, 2151 words).  Part 3: “Appalachia’s War: Looking for Life after Coal” (Nov. 28, A1, 2003 words).  www.post-gazette.com.

Jones, Diane Nelson.  2005.  “The War: 40 Years Later” [War on Poverty].  Now & Then: The Appalachian Magazine21, no. 1 (Spring): 9-11.  Excerpts from series “Appalachia’s War,” which ran November 26, 27, 28, 2000, in the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, www.post-gazette.com.

Jones, Lu Ann.  2008.  “Gender, Race, and Itinerant Commerce in the Rural New South.”  In Other Souths: Diversity and Difference in the U.S. South, Reconstruction to Present, ed. P. Holloway, 67-88.  Athens: University of Georgia Press.  Originally published in Journal of Southern History 66, no. 2 (2000): 297-320.  Itinerant merchants before WWII bypass country stores and reach blacks and women.

Juul, Kitty.  2012.  “Appalachian Regional Coalition on Homelessness: Providing Shelter from the Storm” [tornado, Greene Co., Tenn., April 27, 2011].  Now & Then: The Appalachian Magazine 27, no. 2 (Winter): 4-6.  Sidebar: “Restoration Depot,” by Bryan Gillespie, 7-8.

Keefe, Susan E.  2008.  “Theorizing Modernity in Appalachia” [Western N.C. fieldwork].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 14, no. 1-2 (Spring-Fall): 160-173.  Mountaineers modernize on their own terms, welcoming material benefits, but “generally reject autonomous individualism, secularism, and acquisitiveness.”

Keefe, Susan E.  2009.  “Introduction: What Participatory Development Means for Appalachian Communities.”  In Participatory Development in Appalachia: Cultural Identity, Community, and Sustainability, ed. S. Keefe, 1-44.  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Keefe, Susan E., ed.  2009.  Participatory Development in Appalachia: Cultural Identity, Community, and Sustainability.  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.  255 pp.  Eleven essays by: Susan E. Keefe, Elvin Hatch, Helen Matthews Lewis, Samuel R. Cook, Lesley Bartlett and Jefferson C. Boyer, Melinda Bollar Wagner, Kathryn M. Borman and Patricia Z. Timm, Rhoda H. Halperin, Phillip J. Obermiller and Jennifer Jervis Tighe, Mary B. LaLone, Thomas Plaut, Suzanne Landis, and June Palmour Trevor.

Keith, Bruce, and Ronald Althouse, ed.  1999.  Inside West Virginia: Public Policy Perspectives for the 21st Century.  Morgantown: West Virginia University Press.  284 pp.

Kiffmeyer, Thomas J.  1998.  “From Self-Help to Sedition: The Appalachian Volunteers in Eastern Kentucky, 1964-1970” [Pike Co.].  The Journal of Southern History 64 (February): 65-94.

Kiffmeyer, Thomas.  2008.  Reformers to Radicals: The Appalachian Volunteers and the War on Poverty [1964-1966].  Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.  284 pp.  Council of the Southern Mountains; social activism; politics.

Kiffmeyer, Thomas.  2009.  “‘We Are Ordered to Do Everything’: The National Advisory Commission on Rural Poverty, American Social Thought, and the War on Poverty” [1967].  Register of the Kentucky Historical Society107, no. 3 (Summer): 339-369.  “People needed jobs and a way to earn a living, which this commission simply could not bring to Appalachia.”

Kiffmeyer, Thomas.  2011.  “Looking Back to the City in the Hills: The Council of the Southern Mountains and a Longer View of the War on Poverty in the Appalachian South, 1913-1970.”  In  The War on Poverty: A New Grassroots History,1964-1980, ed. A. Orleck and L Hazirjian, 359-386.  Athens: University of Georgia Press.

Kim, Josh Masnick, and F. Carson Mencken.  1999.  “Household and Local Labor Market Determinants of Economic Well-Being in the State of West Virginia: A Multi-Level Analysis” [tables].  In Inside West Virginia: Public Policy Perspectives for the 21st Century, ed. B. Keith and R. Althouse, 59-85.  Morgantown: West Virginia University Press.

Kingsolver, Ann E.  2011.  Tobacco Town Futures: Global Encounters in Rural Kentucky [Nicholas County; globalization].  Long Grove, Ill.: Waveland Press.  183 pp.

Kleiner, Brian, Kimberley Raue, Gary Silverstein, Robyn Bell, and John Wells.  2004.  Evaluation of The Appalachian Regional Commission’s Community Capacity-Building Projects [100 projects funded by ARC, 1995-2003].  Report prepared by WESTAT (Rockville, Md.).  Washington, D.C.: Appalachian Regional Commission, Online Resource Center.  http://arc.gov/index.do?nodeId=2279.

Kleitches, Larry.  2011.  “A Case Study of Attempted Consolidation in the Little Conemaugh River Valley” [Cambria County, Pa.; school consolidation].  Pennsylvania Geographer 49, no. 1 (Spring/Summer): 65-96.

Kormos, Thelma, and John Kormos.  2007.  Why Not Smile: A Memoir of the Early Life of John Kormos As Told to Thelma Kormos.  Parsons, W. Va.: McClain Printing.  261 pp.  Biography of John Kormos, born 1926 in Rivesville, W. Va. to Hungarian-immigrant parents, diagnosed with polio, and orphaned with four siblings during the Depression.

Korstad, Robert Rodgers, and James L. Leloudis.  2010.  “Fighting for the High Ground” [northwestern N.C. “mountain poverty”: Watauga, Avery, Mitchell, and Yancey Counties (WAMY)].  Chap. 5 in To Right These Wrongs: The North Carolina Fund and the Battle to End Poverty and Inequality in 1960s America, by R. Korstad and J. Leloudis, 231-286.  Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Kristof, Nicholas D.  2012.  “Profiting from a Child’s Illiteracy” [Jackson, Ky., Breathitt Co.; “Appalachian hill country”].  New York Times, 7 December: Opinion Pages.  1,810 words.  “...if kids learn to read, they are less likely to qualify for a monthly check [$698 Supplemental Security Income] for having an intellectual disability.”  http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/09/opinion/sunday/kristof-profiting-from-a-childs-illiteracy.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0.  [See response: Shawn Fremstad and Rebecca Vallas, “Analysts Criticize Kristof’s Arguments for Cutting Supplemental Security for Children with Severe Disabilities,” Institute for Public Accuracy (10 December, 2012).  659 words. http://www.accuracy.org/?s=vallas&post_type=news-release&releasecategories=&smonth=&sday=10&syear=&emonth=&eday=&eyear=]; [See response: Ruffing, Kathy, and LaDonna Pavetti, “SSI and Children with Disabilities: Just the Facts.” Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (14 December 2012). 1,303 words.  http://www.cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa=view&id=3875]; [See response: Kaufmann, Greg, “This Week in Poverty: Kristof’s Swing and Miss.” The Nation (14 December 2012).  1,699 words.  http://www.thenation.com/blog/171751/week-poverty-kristofs-swing-and-miss.

Latimer, Melissa, and F. Carson Mencken.  2003.  “Socioeconomic Trends in Mining-Dependent Counties in Appalachia” [map; tables].  In Communities of Work: Rural Restructuring in Local and Global Contexts, ed. W. Falk, M. Schulman, and A. Tickamyer, 79-103.  Athens: Ohio University Press.

Latimer, Melissa, and Rachael A. Woldoff.  2010.  “Good Country Living? Exploring Four Housing Outcomes among Poor Appalachians” [W. Va.; welfare expired].  Sociological Forum 25, no. 2 (June): 315-333.  Three core explanations: community, individual, and family factors.

Latimer, Melissa.  2006.  “‘We Have Never Asked for Help That Was Not Desperately Needed’: Patterns of Stigma Management among Former Welfare Recipients in West Virginia” [stereotypes; data from a 1999 survey of 962].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 12, no. 2 (Fall): 88-109.

Leonard, James M.  2009.  “They Are Just Like the Rest of Us, Only with a Bigger Home.” Southeastern Geographer49, no. 3 (Fall): 267-290.  Mingo County, W. Va. not highly segregated by socioeconomic status, rather reflects an inclusive “expanded family” atmosphere.

Lewis, Helen M.  2007.  “Rebuilding Communities: A 12-Step Recovery Program.”  Appalachian Journal 34, no. 3-4 (Spring/Summer): 317-325.  A longer version of this article forthcoming in Participatory Development in Appalachia: Cultural Identity, Community, and Sustainability, ed. Susan E. Keefe (University of Tennessee Press).

Lewis, Helen Matthews.  2009.  “Rebuilding Communities: A Twelve-Step Recovery Program.”  In Participatory Development in Appalachia: Cultural Identity, Community, and Sustainability, ed. S. Keefe, 68-88.  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Lewis, Helen Matthews.  2011.  “Entering the Unpredictable: Making the Road by Walking.” Appalachian Heritage39, no. 2 (Spring): 52-57.  “Commencement Address given by Helen Lewis at Berea College on December 12, 2010.  She received an honorary degree of Doctor of Humane Letters.”

Liston, Linda.  1997.  “Southern Ohio: A Workable Solution” [industrial siting, development, labor, resource directory].  Site Selection 42 (June/July):supplement, Southern Ohio, 1-16.

Lobao, Linda, Lawrence A. Brown, and Jon Moore.  2003.  “Old Industrial Regions and the Political Economy of Development” [Ohio River Valley, 1970s-90s].  In Communities of Work: Rural Restructuring in Local and Global Contexts, ed. W. Falk, M. Schulman, and A. Tickamyer, 3-30.  Athens: Ohio University Press.

Lukens, Robert D.  1997.  “The New South on Display: The Appalachian Expositions of 1910 and 1911" [Knoxville].  Journal of East Tennessee History 69: 1-28.

Maggard, Sally Ward.  1994.  “From the Farm to Coal Camp to Back Office and McDonald’s: Living in the Midst of Appalachia’s Latest Transformation.”  In Appalachian Adaptations to a Changing World, ed. Norma Myers.  Journal of the Appalachian Studies Association 6: 14-38.  Johnson City: East Tennessee State University, Center for Appalachian Studies and Services.

Maloney, C. J.  2011.  Back to the Land: Arthurdale, FDR’s New Deal, and the Costs of Economic Planning.  Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley.  292 pp.  “Presents an economic and social history of Arthurdale, West Viriginia, a social engineering experiment undertaken during the New Deal.”

Mannion, Elgin.  2006.  “The Three-Ring Circus” [Appalachian Regional Commission’s failure to create lasting, sustainable development; traces the history of political and economic exigencies since 1965].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 12, no. 1 (Spring): 111-125.

Marchioni, Michael P., and Lon Slone Felker.  1996.  “Local Economic Development: Panacea or Prevarication?”  Journal of Appalachian Studies 2 (Spring): 149-157.

Marr, Paul, and Eric Mock.  2005.  “Warehousing in South-Central Pennsylvania’s I-81 Corridor: A Case Study of Exit 29” [Shippensburg; increasing warehouse/distribution facilities].  Pennsylvania Geographer 43, no. 1 (Spring/Summer): 32-49.

Marr, Paul, and Kurt Fuellhart.  2008.  “A Transportation Assessment of the Warehousing and Trucking Industries in Franklin and Cumberland Counties, Pennsylvania.”  Pennsylvania Geographer 46, no. 1 (Spring/Summer): 3-34.  Harrisburg; intersection of I-81, I-83, and I-76.

Martin, Ann Smart.  2008.  Buying into the World of Goods: Early Consumers in Backcountry Virginia.  Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.  260 pp.  Upper Shenandoah Valley; merchants; material culture.

Martin, C. Bren.  1994.  “From Golden Cornfields to Golden Arches: The Economic and Cultural Evolution of Pigeon Forge,  Tennessee.”  In Appalachian Adaptations to a Changing World, ed. Norma Myers.  Journal of the Appalachian Studies Association 6: 163-172.  Johnson City: East Tennessee State University, Center for Appalachian Studies and Services.

Maunula, Marko.  2005.  “Another Southern Paradox: The Arrival of Foreign Corporations - Change and Continuity in Spartanburg, South Carolina.”  In Globalization and the American South, ed. J. Cobb and W. Stueck, 164-184.  Athens: University of Georgia Press.

Maunula, Marko.  2009.  Guten Tag, Y’all: Globalization and the South Carolina Piedmont, 1950-2000 [Spartanburg]. Athens: University of Georgia Press.  162 pp.

McCall, Pete.  2000.  “UMWA: Bridging the Gap...Lifting Families Out of Poverty [welfare, health, retirement funds].  United Mine Workers Journal 111 (May-June): 6-9.

McCleary, Ann E.  2010.  “The Turnpike Towns.”  Chap. 7 in The Great Valley Road of Virginia: Shenandoah Landscapes from Prehistory to the Present, ed. W. Hofstra and K. Raitz, 190-238.  Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.

McDaniel, Lynda.  2001.  “Always Leading the Way” [profiles Gayle Faulkner Lawson (b. 1915), Harlan Co., Ky., community service leader].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 34 (May-August): 33-37.

McDaniel, Lynda.  2001.  “Ecotourism Takes Off in the ‘Heart of Appalachia’” [Va.; Heart of Appalachia Tourism Authority].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 34 (May-August): 16-21.

McDaniel, Lynda.  2001.  “It’s All About People” [profiles Denise Schlegel, director of VISION, Schuylkill Co., Pa., -- a community based effort to improve quality of life].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 34 (January-April): 34-38.

McDaniel, Lynda.  2002.  “The Main Street Approach to Revitalizing Communities” [Cumberland, Md.].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 34 (January-December): 16-21.

McDaniel, Lynda.  2002.  “Using Our Strengths: The Grassroots Leadership of Becky Anderson” [entrepreneurial assistance; Western N.C.].  Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 34 (January-December): 34-38.

McGraw, Dan.  1996.  “Signs of Hope in Appalachia: Despite Poverty, the Region Starts to Deliver Growth” [sampling of high technology growth].  U.S. News & World Report May 6: 62-63.

McKenzie, Robert Tracy.  1994.  “Wealth and Income: The  Preindustrial Structure of East Tennessee in 1860.”  Appalachian Journal 21 (Spring): 260-279.

McKenzie, Robert Tracy.  1994.  One South or Many?  Plantation Belt and Upcountry in Civil War-Era Tennessee.  New York: Cambridge University Press.  216 pp.

McKethan, Aaron N., and Nicholas C. Maynard.  2006.  “The Military and Local Economic Development: Defense Department Procurement Activity in Four Appalachian Communities” [Madison Co., Ala.; Allegheny Co., Pa. (Pittsburgh); Tioga Co., Tenn.; adjacent counties].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 12, no. 2 (Fall): 140-155.

McKinney, Gordon.  1999.  Review essay of Worlds Apart: Why Poverty Persists in Rural America, by Cynthia M. Duncan (Yale University Press, 1999).  In  Appalachian Heritage 27 (Fall): 76-81.

Mellon, Steve.  2002.  After the Smoke Clears: Struggling to Get By in Rustbelt America [photo-essay case studies: Homestead and Braddock, Pa.; Matewan, W. Va.].  Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press.  136 pp.

Mencken, F. Carson, and Charles M. Tolbert.  2005.  “Federal Public Investment Spending and Economic Development in Appalachia” [1980s-90s; private capital accumulation; tables].  Rural Sociology 70, no. 4 (December): 514-539.

Mencken, F. Carson, and Sally Ward Maggard.  1999.  “Informal Economic Activity in West Virginia: A Descriptive and Multivariate Analysis” [tables].  In Inside West Virginia: Public Policy Perspectives for the 21st Century, ed. B. Keith and R. Althouse, 87-106.  Morgantown: West Virginia University Press.

Mencken, F. Carson, Christopher Bader, and Edward Clay Polson.  2006.  “Integrating Civil Society and Economic Growth in Appalachia” [1990-1995].  Growth and Change 37, no. 1 (March): 107–127.

Mencken, F. Carson.  1996.  “Income and Employment Change in Appalachia during the 1983-1988 Business Cycle Recovery: Locating Differential Effects in North Central, and Southern Appalachia.”  Journal of Appalachian Studies 2 (Spring): 77-85.

Mencken, F. Carson.  1997.  “A Study of the Region: Regional Differences in Socioeconomic Well-Being in Appalachia” [from census data: 399 counties].  Sociological Focus 30 (February): 79-97.

Mencken, F. Carson.  1998.  “Persistent Differences in Well-Being Between Appalachian Subregions” [corrects his 1997 findings (below) for spatial autocorrelation and finds results unchanged; tables; figures].  Growth and Change 29 (Fall): 469-479.

Mencken, F. Carson.  2000.  “Federal Spending and Economic Growth in Appalachian Counties” [1983-1988].  Rural Sociology 65 (March): 126-147.

Mencken, F. Carson.  2000.  “Right-To-Work Laws and Local Economic Growth: Recent Evidence from Appalachia” [399 cos.; since 1980; no overall advantage detected].  Sociological Focus 33 (February): 79-94.

Miewald, Christiana E.  2001.  “National Myths, State Policy, and Community-Directed Media: Representational Politics and the Reconfiguration of Welfare” [Appalachian region; mass media].  Urban Geography 22 (July 1-August 15): 424-439.

Miewald, Christiana.  2003.  “Making Experience Count in Policy Creation: Lessons from Appalachian Kentucky” [low-income mothers; welfare reform; Kentucky Transitional Assistance Program].  In Rediscovering the Other America: The Continuing Crisis of Poverty and Inequality in the United States, ed. K. Kilty and E. Segal, 163-181.  New York: Howarth Press.  Co-published simultaneously as Journal of Poverty vol. 7, no. 1-2, 2003.

Miller, Brian E.  2008.  “Public Art Helps Ohio Town Re-imagine Future” [Coshocton, Ohio].  Now & Then: The Appalachian Magazine 24, no. 1 (Spring/Summer): 40-43.

Moore, Tyrel G.  1998.  “A Southern West Virginia Mining Community Revisited” [McDowell and Wyoming Cos.; compares 1930s to 1990s].  Southeastern Geographer 38 (May): 1-21.

Moore, Tyrel G.  2005.  “Defining Appalachia: Public Policy and Regional Dynamics in Appalachia’s Low-Income Counties, 1965-2000.”  The Journal of Geography 104, no. 2 (March-April): 49-58.

Moreton, Bethany.  2009.  To Serve God and Wal-Mart: The Making of Christian Free Enterprise.  Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.  372 pp.  Including the store’s five-and-dime beginnings in the values, ideals, and culture of the rural Ozarks (Bentonville, Ark.).

Morris, Sara E.  2010.  “‘Down in Tupelo Everybody Seems To Be Feeling Grand’: Early Home Electrification Promotion in Northeast Mississippi.”  In Mississippi Women: Their Histories, Their Lives, ed., M. Swain, E. Payne, and M. Spruill, 192-210.  Athens: University of Georgia Press.

Mountain Association for Community Economic Development (MACED), and Kentucky Center for Economic Policy.  2012.  Promoting Long-Term Investment in Appalachian Kentucky: A Permanent Coal Severance Tax Fund.  Berea, Ky.: MACED.  10 pp.  “With forecasts predicting eastern Kentucky coal production could decline 70 percent by the end of the decade, the region needs a long-term approach to transitioning the economy.”  http://www.maced.org/coal-severance.htm.

Mountain Man and the Surgeon, The [compares relative poverty of a poor man in a rich country with that of a rich man in a poor country (Congo)].  2005.  Economist, 24 December, 24-26.

Myers, Norma, ed.  1994.  Appalachian Adaptations to a Changing World [Journal of the Appalachian Studies Association, vol. 6].  Johnson City: East Tennessee State University, Center for Appalachian Studies and Services.  172 pp.

O’Dell, Gary A.  2005.  “Community Self-Help Activism in Water/Sewer Development: Case Studies from McDowell County, West Virginia, and Letcher County, Kentucky” [1980s-2005].  Appalachian Journal 33, no. 1 (Fall): 54-76.

O’Mara, Margaret Pugh.  2004.  “Area Redevelopment Act” [1961 congressional act preceding Kennedy’s anti-poverty program and the 1965 Public Works and Economic Development Act and Appalachian Regional Development Act].  In Poverty in the United States: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, and Policy, ed. G. Mink, and A. O’Connor, 100-101.  Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO.

Obermiller, Phillip J., and William W. Philliber, ed.  1994.   Appalachia in an International Context: Cross-National  Comparisons of Developing Regions.  New York: Praeger.  264 pp.

Oden, Michael, and Sharon Strover, with Nobuya Inagaki and Chris Lucas.  2004.  “2004 Update of Links to the Future [2002]: The Role of Information and Telecommunications Technology In Appalachian Economic Development.”  Washington, D.C.: Appalachian Regional Commission, Online Resource Center.  32 pp.  http://www.arc.gov/research/researchreportdetails.asp?REPORT_ID=40.

Orr, Douglas M., Jr., and Alfred W. Stuart, ed.  2000.  The North Carolina Atlas: Portrait for a New Century.  Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.  461 pp.

Osborne, Mary Nelle.  2007.  “Without a Vision the People Perish” [East Tenn.; participatory research and community building].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 13, no. 1-2 (Spring-Fall): 7-25.

Papa, Michael J., Arvind Singhal, and Wendy H. Papa.  2006.  “Dialectic of Fragmentation and Unity in Rural Appalachia” [organizing the poor; case studies; Ohio].  Chap. 5 in Organizing for Social Change: A Dialectic Journey of Theory and Praxis, 196-230.  New Delhi, India: Sage Publications.

Patrick, Kevin J., and Joseph L. Scarpaci, ed.  2000.  A Geographic Perspective of Pittsburgh and the Alleghenies: From Precambrian to Post-Industrial [26 short papers; Western Pa.].  Prepared for the 96th Annual Meeting of the Association of American Geographers, April 4-8, 2000, Pittsburgh, Pa.  Washington, D.C.: Association of American Geographers.  208 pp.

Perry, Huey.  [1972] 2011.  “They’ll Cut Off Your Project”: A Mingo County Chronicle [W. Va.].  Reprint, with a foreword by Jeff Biggers.  West Virginia and Appalachian series, no. 13.  Morgantown: West Virginia University Press.  288 pp.  Originally published: New York: Praeger Publishers.  Classic study of Mingo County’s Economic Opportunity Commission project (part of LBJ’s 1960s War on Poverty), and how it challenged the local political power structure.

Petzinger, Thomas, Jr.  1997.  “June Holley Brings a Touch of Italy to Appalachian Effort”  [Athens, Ohio; Appalachian Center for Economic Networks; marketing cooperative].  Wall Street Journal 24 October, 1(B).

Pickering, Kathleen Ann.  2006.  “Welfare Reform in Appalachia, Kentucky” [McCreary and Owsley Cos.; interviews, 1999-2003].  Chap. 6 in Welfare Reform in Persistent Rural Poverty: Dreams, Disenchantments, and Diversity, 123-147.  University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press.

Plaut, Thomas, and Susan Emley Keefe.  1999.  People, Politics and Economic Life: Exploring Appalachia with Qualitative Methods.  2nd ed.  Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt in cooperation with Appalachian Consortium Press.  149 pp.

Porter, Rob, and Michael A. Tarrant.  2001.  “A Case Study of Environmental Justice and Federal Tourism Sites in Southern Appalachia: A GIS Application” [inequalities for socioeconomic and racial groups].  Journal of Travel Research 40 (August): 27-40.

Priest, Karl.  2009.  “Mission Hollow Memories.”  Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 35, no. 2 (Summer): 44-51.  Personal narrative, 1950s; Union Mission children’s home, Charleston.  Sidebar: “‘They Were So Good to Me’: Recalling Life at Brookside [Dewain Haynes], 52-53.

Pudup, Mary Beth.  1994.  “Waiting for the Revolution.”  Appalachian Journal 21 (Winter): 172-181.

Rabinowitz, Amanda.  2012.  “Starbucks Order Gives Ohio Mug Maker a Jolt.”  Morning Edition.  NPR radio, 12 June.  Podcast 4:12 min.; transcript 701 words.  A struggling East Liverpool, Oh., pottery factory feels some economic revival with its biggest order ever.  http://n.pr/LWgCjq.

Rice, William H.  2007.  Elkins, West Virginia 1889: The Magic City of the Wilderness.  Parsons, W. Va.: McClain Printing.  256 pp.  History; economic development; railroads and lumber.

Rivard, Betty, ed.  2012.  New Deal Photographs of West Virginia, 1934-1943.  Foreword by Carl Fleischhauer; Introduction by Jerry Bruce Thomas.  Morgantown: West Virginia University Press.  240 pp.  With more than 150 images by ten FSA photographers including Walker Evans, Marion Post Wolcott, Arthur Rothstein, and Ben Shahn.  Contents: On the road -- Towns and cities -- Non-coal industries -- Northern coalfields, 1935 -- Northern coalfields, 1938 -- Arthurdale -- Eleanor -- Tygart Valley homesteads -- Southern coalfields, 1935 -- Southern coalfields, 1938 -- Wartime photo-essays, Richwood and Point Pleasant -- A West Virginia perspective / by Betty Rivard.

Rivard, Betty.  2010.  “Revelation in the Mountains: West Virginia FSA Photographs.”  Goldenseal: West Virginia Traditional Life 36, no. 3 (Fall): 30-39.  Documentary 1930s coalfield photos of Capel, McDowell County, by Farm Security Administration photographers Marion Post Wolcott and Ben Shahn.

Safford, Sean.  2009.  Why the Garden Club Couldn't Save Youngstown: The Transformation of the Rust Belt[contrasts decline of Youngstown, Oh., with rebound of Allentown, Pa.].  Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.  212 pp.

Salstrom, Paul, and Steve Hollenhorst.  1994.  “Increasing  Dependency and the Touristization Rag.”  Appalachian Journal  21 (Summer): 410-420.

Salstrom, Paul.  1994.  Appalachia’s Path to Dependency:  Rethinking a Region’s Economic History, 1730-1940.  Lexington:  University Press of Kentucky.  204 pp.

Salstrom, Paul.  1996.  “Appalachia's Informal Economy and the Transition to Capitalism.”  Journal of Appalachian Studies 2 (Fall): 213-233.

Salstrom, Paul.  1997.  “The Bucks Start Here: Alternative Currencies and the Coming Welfare Disaster.”  Appalachian Journal 25 (Fall): 84-97.

Salstrom, Paul.  2004.  “The Great Depression.”  In High Mountains Rising: Appalachia in Time and Place, ed. R. Straw and H. Blethen, 74-87.  Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Sanders, Randy.  2007.  “Wildness in the Garden of the Status Quo” [applauds 75 years of Highlander Folk School and Research Center, Tenn., and its heroes].  Now & Then: The Appalachian Magazine 23, no. 2 (Fall/Winter): 28-31.

Santopietro, George D.  2002.  “Analyzing Income Convergence at the County Level: The Case of Development in Central Appalachia” [Va., W. Va., Ky.; 1969-97].  Journal of Economic Issues 36 (December): 893-906.

Sarnoff, Susan.  2003.  “Central Appalachia—Still the Other America” [celebrates 40th anniversary of Michael Harrington’s The Other America (1962)].  In Rediscovering the Other America: The Continuing Crisis of Poverty and Inequality in the United States, ed. K. Kilty and E. Segal, 123-139.  New York: Howarth Press.  Co-published simultaneously as Journal of Poverty, vol. 7, no. 1-2, 2003.

Scarpaci, Joseph L.  2006.  “Pittsburgh’s Suburbs: Hollowing Out the Core” [tri-state area: Pa., Oh., W. Va.].  In Pittsburgh and the Appalachians: Cultural and Natural Resources in a Postindustrial Age, ed. J. Scarpaci, 125-140.  Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press.

Schmitt, Edward R.  2009.  “The Appalachian Thread in the Antipoverty Politics of Robert F. Kennedy.”  Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 107, no. 3 (Summer): 371-400.  Advocated for the poor; dealt with entrenched political machines; brought national attention to problems in the mountains.

Schmitt, Edward R.  2010.  President of the Other America: Robert Kennedy and the Politics of Poverty.  Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.  324 pp.

Schumann, William R., and Carwyn Fowler.  2002.  “Globalization, Identity, and Activism in Appalachia and Wales: Comparing the Political Economy of Representation in Two Marginal ‘Regions’.”  Journal of Appalachian Studies 8 (Fall): 333-361.

Scorsone, Eric A.  2003.  “Economic Progress in Appalachian Kentucky Communities” [tables, maps].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 9 (Fall): 272-292.

Sessions, Jim.  1999.  Review essay of Worlds Apart: Why Poverty Persists in Rural America, by Cynthia M. Duncan (Yale University Press, 1999).  Appalachian Journal 27 (Fall): 99-104.

Seufert, Robert L., and Mark A. Carrozza.  2004.  “Economic Advances and Disadvantages in Appalachia: Occupation, Labor Force Participation, and Unemployment” [figures; 2000 Census].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 10, no. 3: 331-339.

Shannon, Thomas R.  2006.  “The Economy of Appalachia” [history; with suggested readings].  In A Handbook to Appalachia: An Introduction to the Region, ed. G. Edwards, J. Asbury, and R. Cox, 67-84.  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Shapira, Philip, and Terance Rephann.  1996.  “The Adoption of New Technology in West Virginia: Implications for Manufacturing Modernization Policies.”  Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 14 (November): 431-450.

Shultz, Benjamin J.  2011.  “Emerging Patterns of Growth and Change in the Southeast” [eight states, excluding W. Va.].  Southeastern Geographer 51, no. 4 (Winter): 550-563.  Tables; shaded county outline maps.  “Focusing on the economic duality of the South.”

Shumway, J. Matthew, and Samuel M. Otterstrom.  2002.  “Spatial Patterns of Migration and Income Change in Pennsylvania Counties.”  Pennsylvania Geographer 40 (Spring/Summer): 83-102.

Sinclair, Dean.  2004.  “‘Some Maps and a Lot of Trouble’: Town Planner John Nolen in South Carolina” [Spartanburg and Columbia].  South Carolina Historical Magazine 105 (October): 258-281.

Smith, Barbara Ellen.  1999.  “Legends of the Fall: Contesting Economic History” [Big Ridge, Alleghany Co., Va.].  In Christianity in Appalachia: Profiles in Regional Pluralism, ed. B. Leonard, 1-17.  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

Sobel, Russell S., ed.  2007.  Unleashing Capitalism: Why Prosperity Stops at the West Virginia Border and How to Fix It [14 essays: government role policy reform].  Morgantown, W. Va.: The Public Policy Foundation of West Virginia.  237 pp.

Spaid, Elizabeth Levitan.  1997.  “True Test of Welfare Reform Lies in Appalachia” [Prestonsburg, Floyd Co., Ky.; comments of Ron Eller, director of the Appalachian Center at the University of Kentucky].  Christian Science Monitor 2 October, 4.

Speakman, Joseph M.  2006.  “The New Deal Arrives in Penn’s Woods: The Beginnings of the Civilian Conservation Corps in Pennsylvania.”  Pennsylvania Magazine of History & Biography 130, no. 2 (April): 211-232.

Speakman, Joseph M.  2006.  At Work in Penn’s Woods: The Civilian Conservation Corps in Pennsylvania [1933-1942].  State College: Pennsylvania State University Press.  237 pp.

Stanley, Talmage A.  2007.  “Renaming the World in the Valley of the Holston.”   Appalachian Journal 34, no. 3-4 (Spring/Summer): 302-315.  Recalling 30 years of friendship and accomplishments with social activist and professor Stephen L. Fisher, at the Appalachian Center for Community Service, Emory & Henry College, Va.

Starnes, Richard D.  2003.  “‘A Conspicuous Example of What is Termed the New South’: Tourism and Urban Development in Asheville, North Carolina, 1880-1925.”  North Carolina Historical Review 80 (January): 52-80.

Starnes, Richard D.  2003.  “Creating a ‘Variety Vacationland’: Tourism Development in North Carolina.”  In Southern Journeys: Tourism, History, and Culture in the Modern South, ed. R. Starnes, 138-153.  Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.

Starnes, Richard D.  2005.  Creating the Land of the Sky: Tourism and Society in Western North Carolina [history; 1870s-1930s].  The Modern South series.  Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.  240 pp.

Stephens, Heather M., and Mark D. Partridge.  2011.  “Do Entrepreneurs Enhance Economic Growth in Lagging Regions?” [focus on Appalachia].  Growth and Change 42, no. 4 (December): 431–465.  Maps, tables.  Counties adjacent to ARC region used as a control group.

Strom, Stephanie.  2012.  “For Ohio Pottery, a Small Revival: Starbucks Turns to Ohio, not China for Coffee Mugs.”  New York Times, 12 June, 1(B).  1,384 words, plus video clip (4:14 min.).  Starbucks is contracting with American Mug in the upper Ohio River town of East Liverpool, formerly the pottery capital of the nation, currently in economic collapse due to global competition.  http://nyti.ms/Lw3J0w.

Symposium on The Road to Poverty: The Making of Wealth and Hardship in Appalachia, by Dwight B. Billings and Kathleen M. Blee, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.  2000.  Ronald L. Lewis, “A New Paradigm for Poverty,” 9-14; Mary Beth Pudup, “The Road from Exceptionalism,” 14-20; Stephan Weiler, “The Unexceptional Economics of Appalachia,” 20-25; David Walls, “Which Way to the Road out of Poverty?” 25-28; “The Authors’ Response,” 29-33.  In Journal of Appalachian Studies 6 no. 1-2 (Spring/Fall): 9-34.

Szalanski, Joseph.  2010.  Boarding the Westbound: Journey of a Depression-era Hobo.  Tarentum, Pa.: Word Association Publishers.  291 pp.  “It’s a journey that began in Poland, ended in a Western Pennsylvania steel mill, and wandered to all 48 states of 1932 America.”

Tang, Mei, and Kathryn Russ.  2007.  “Understanding and Facilitating Career Development of People of Appalachian Culture: An Integrated Approach” [values].  Career Development Quarterly 56, no. 1 (September): 34-46.

Taul, Glen.  1996.  “Creating Communities of Hope in Eastern Kentucky” [state’s strategic plan].  Now & Then: The Appalachian Magazine 13 (Summer): 33-36

Taylor, Stephen Wallace.  2001.  The New South’s New Frontier: A Social History of Economic Development in Southwestern North Carolina.  Foreword by John David Smith.  New Perspectives on the History of the South.  Gainesville: University Press of Florida.  186 pp.

Telecommunications and the Future of Appalachian Communities.  2003.  Special issue, Appalachia: Journal of the Appalachian Regional Commission 36 (July-December): 1-40.

This Land Is Home to Me: A Pastoral Letter on Powerlessness in Appalachia.  25th anniversary edition  [photo essay; signed by 24 Catholic bishops].  1999.  Edited by Edwin Daschbach and Anna Jean Maddox Rogucki.  Techny, Ill.: Society of the Divine Word.  156 pp.

Thomas, Jerry Bruce.  1998.  “‘Please Tell the President...Only an Absolute Dictatorship Will Save Us’: Lorena Hickok Reports on the Great Depression in West Virginia, August 1933" [transcripts of four letters to Eleanor Roosevelt on conditions in W. Va.].  West Virginia History 57: 135-161.

Thomas, Jerry Bruce.  1998.  An Appalachian New Deal: West Virginia in the Great Depression [1929-1941].  Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.  316 pp.

Thomas, Jerry Bruce.  [1998] 2010.  An Appalachian New Deal: West Virginia in the Great Depression.  West Virginia and Appalachia series, no. 11.  Morgantown: West Virginia University Press.  316 pp.  Originally published: Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.

Thomas, Jerry Bruce.  2010.  An Appalachian Reawakening: West Virginia and the Perils of the New Machine Age, 1945-1972.West Virginia and Appalachia series, no. 12.  Morgantown: West Virginia University Press.  470 pp.  Contents: Introduction -- A New Machine Age in the hills -- American paradox, Appalachian stereotype -- Civil rights in the New Machine Age -- Good intentions: the New Frontier and the War on Poverty -- Raising hell in the hills and hollows: AVs, VISTAs, and community action -- From the Silver Bridge to Farmington and rumblings at the grassroots -- The Black Lung Association, Miners for Democracy, and the New Feminism -- The strip mining dilemma and a climactic debate -- Buffalo Creek: Appalachian apotheosis -- Epilogue: another reawakening?

Thompson, J. W.  2002.  “A Natural Death” [Ramsey Creek ecocemetery, Westminster, S.C.; “green” woodland burials].  Landscape Architecture 92 (October): 74-79, 134-137.

Thorne, Deborah, Ann Tickamyer, and Mark Thorne.  2004.  “Poverty and Income in Appalachia” [trends; tables: 1989, 1999; gender inequality].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 10, no. 3: 341-357.

Tickamyer, Ann, Julie White, Barry Tadlock, and Debra Henderson.  2000.  “Where All the Counties Are Above Average: Top Down versus Bottom Up Perspectives on Welfare Reform” [29 Ohio Cos.; table].  Paper prepared for Rural Dimensions of Welfare Reform: A Research Conference on Rural Poverty, Welfare, and Food Assistance, Washington, D.C., May 5, 2000.  Evanston and Chicago, Ill.: Joint Center for Poverty Research.  29 pp.  http://www.jcpr.org/wp/wpprofile.cfm?id=197.

Tickamyer, Ann R., and Teresa A. Wood.  2003.  “The Social and Economic Context of Informal Work” [1994 Kentucky Survey; tables].  In Communities of Work: Rural Restructuring in Local and Global Contexts, ed. W. Falk, M. Schulman, and A. Tickamyer, 394-418.  Athens: Ohio University Press.

Tickamyer, Ann R., Debra A. Henderson, Julie Anne White, and Barry L. Tadlock.  2000.  “Voices of Welfare Reform: Bureaucratic Rationality Versus the Perceptions of Welfare Participants” [four Appalachian Ohio counties].  Affilia 15 (Summer): 173-192.

Tickamyer, Ann R., et al.  2007.  “The Spatial Politics of Public Policy: Devolution, Development, and Welfare Reform” [Ohio].  Chap. 5 in The Sociology of Spatial Inequality, ed. L. Lobao, G. Hooks, and A. Tickamyer, 113-139.  Albany: State University of New York Press.  274 pp.

Togyer, Jason.  2008.  For the Love of Murphy’s: The Behind-the-Counter Story of a Great American Retailer.  University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.  279 pp.  Examines the evolution of five-and-ten-cent stores.  Chapter 3: “The Macy’s of Appalachia.”

Tonn, Bruce, Tim Ezzell, and Eric Ogle.  2010.  “Experiential Learning and Sustainable Economic Development in Appalachian Communities: A Teaching Note.”  Journal of Appalachian Studies 16, no. 1-2 (Spring-Fall): 144-155.  Tables.  University of Tennessee graduate class collaboration with local and federal agencies to facilitate public workshops in disadvantaged East Tennessee communities.

Turner, John.  1994.  “High Country Hunger: Adapting to Less Food Assistance.”  In Appalachian Adaptations to a Changing World, ed. Norma Myers.  Journal of the Appalachian Studies Association 6: 48-58.  Johnson City: East Tennessee State University, Center for Appalachian Studies and Services.

Twiss, Pamela C., and Thomas R. Mueller.  2004.  “Housing Appalachians: Recent Trends” [problems; 2000 Census; tables, maps].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 10, no. 3: 389-406.

U.S. House.  1998.  Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.  Subcommittee on Public Buildings and Economic Development.  Reauthorization of the Economic Development Administration and the Appalachian Regional Commission: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Public Buildings and Economic Development of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.  105th Cong., 1st sess. 10 and 17 July, 1997.  258 pp.

Ulack, Richard, Karl Raitz, and Gyula Pauer, ed.  1998.  Atlas of Kentucky [census-based; 1000 thematic maps, charts, graphs, tables, photos].  Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.  336 pp.

Walls, David.  2010.  “The Appalachian Volunteers in Perspective.”  Essay review of Reformers to Radicals: The Appalachian Volunteers and The War on Poverty, by Thomas Kiffmeyer (University Press of Kentucky, 2008).  Appalachian Journal 37, no. 1-2 (Fall 2009-Winter 2010): 100-105.

Watkins, Patsy G.  2011.  “Same People, Same Time, Same Place: Contrasting Images of Destitute Ozark Mountaineers during the Great Depression.”  Arkansas Historical Quarterly 70, no. 3 (Autumn): 288-315.  Discusses twelve photographs taken in 1935 by FSA photographers Arthur Rothstein and Ben Shahn to record rural poverty.

Weiler, Stephan.  1997.  “The Economics of the Struggling Structurally Unemployed” [W. Va.].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 3 (Spring): 71-97.

Weiler, Stephan.  2000.  “Industrial Structure and Unemployment in Regional Labor Markets” [W. Va.’s 55 cos.; 1981-92].  Industrial Relations 39 (April): 336-359.

Weinbaum, Eve S.  2004.  To Move a Mountain: Fighting the Global Economy in Appalachia [Tenn. plant closings; social justice activism].  New York: New Press.  340 pp.

Weisbrod, Glen, Teresa Lynch, and Margaret Collins.  2004.  “Handbook: Assessing Local Economic Development Opportunities with ARC-LEAP, Appalachian Regional Commission Local Economic Assessment Package.”  Prepared by the Economic Development Research Group, Inc.  Washington, D.C.: Appalachian Regional Commission, Online Resource Center.  35 pp.  http://arc.gov/images/reports/arcleap/ARC-LEAP_Handbook.pdf.

Weise, Robert S.  2001.  “New Towns for Red Bird, Kentucky: Isolation and Civic Society in Twentieth Century Discussions of Appalachian Poverty” [1960s; Leslie Co.; Council of the Southern Mountains].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 7 (Fall): 273-284.

Weise, Robert S.  2001.  Grasping at Independence: Debt, Male Authority, and Mineral Rights in Appalachian Kentucky, 1850-1915.  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.  374 pp.

Weise, Robert S.  2009.  “A New Deal in the Cold War: Carl D. Perkins, Coal, and the Political Economy of Poverty in Eastern Kentucky, 1948-1964.”  Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 107, no. 3 (Summer): 307-338.  Perkins, from Hindman, Ky., served as a Democratic Rep. in the U.S. Congress from 1949 until his death in 1984.

Wheeler, William Bruce.  [1983] 2005.  Knoxville, Tennessee: A Mountain City in the New South [1850-present: history, economy, social, political].  2nd ed.  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.  249 pp.  Rev. ed. of Knoxville, Tennessee: Continuity and Change in an Appalachian City, by Michael J. McDonald and William Bruce Wheeler.

Whisnant, David E.  1994.  Modernizing the Mountaineer: People,  Power, and Planning in Appalachia.  Rev. ed. Knoxville:  University of Tennessee Press.  336 pp.

Whitaker, Stephen Paul.  2000.  “A New Wave of Colonization: The Economics of the Tourism and Travel Industry in Appalachian Kentucky” [tables].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 6 no. 1-2 (Spring/Fall): 35-48.

White, Connie.  1994.  “Fighting Back in Appalachia: Reports from the Front Plenary Session--Appalachian Studies Conference.”  In Appalachian Adaptations to a Changing World, ed. Norma  Myers.  Journal of the Appalachian Studies Association 6: 5-13.  Johnson City: East Tennessee State University, Center for Appalachian Studies and Services.

White, Julie, Ann R. Tickamyer, Debra A. Henderson, and Barry Tadlock.  2003.  “Does Welfare to Work Work?: Rural Employers Comment.”  In Communities of Work: Rural Restructuring in Local and Global Contexts, ed. W. Falk, M. Schulman, and A. Tickamyer, 240-264.  Athens: Ohio University Press.

Whitelegg, Drew.  2005.  “‘Selling Lifestyles, not Homes’: Growth and Politics in Forsyth County, Georgia” [1990s Atlanta boom effects].  Southeastern Geographer 45, no. 1 (May):104-119.

Whitson, Risa, Lawrence E. Wood, Kurt Fuellhart, and Amy K. Glasmeier.  2006.  “Appalachia: Rich in Natural Resources, Poor in Human Opportunity” [1960-2000: timber, coal, ARC].  In Pittsburgh and the Appalachians: Cultural and Natural Resources in a Postindustrial Age, ed. J. Scarpaci, 167-177.  Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press.

Wilson, Gregory S.  2009.  Communities Left Behind: The Area Redevelopment Administration, 1945-1965.  Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.  197 pp.  American employment history between the New Deal and Great Society in Appalachia and the South; state and local priorities; racist politics.

Wiseman, Paul.  2010.  “When the Textile Mill Goes, So Does a Way of Life” [Mount Airy, N.C., inspiration for Mayberry of The Andy Griffith Show].  USA Today, 10 March, 1(A).  1943 words.  http://www.usatoday.com/money/economy/employment/2010-03-09-textile-jobs-lost-mount-airy_N.htm.

Wolensky, Kenneth.  1997.  “Diamonds & Coal” [Wilkes-Barre, Pa., economic transformation].  Now & Then: The Appalachian Magazine 14 (Winter): 20-24.

Wolfe, Margaret Ripley.  2003.  “Eastern Kentucky and the War on Poverty: Grass-Roots Activism, Regional Politics, and Creative Federalism in the Appalachian South during the 1960s.”  Ohio Valley History 3 (Spring): 31-44.

Wood, Lawrence E.  2001.  “From Theory to Implementation: An Analysis of the Appalachian Regional Commission’s Growth Center Policy.”  Environment and Planning 33 (March): 551-565.

Woodside, Jane Harris.  1996.  “De-Mobilizing Appalachia.”  Now & Then: The Appalachian Magazine 13 (Summer): 8-14.

Yanarella, Ernest J., and Susan Blankenship.  2006.  “Big House on the Rural Landscape: Prison Recruitment as a Policy Tool of Local Economic Development” [negative consequences for communities].  Journal of Appalachian Studies 12, no. 2 (Fall): 110-139.

Zhou, Bin, and Wendy Shaw.  2000.  “An Empirical Study of Institutional Characteristics of Regional Financial Markets: Evidence from Rural Kentucky” [banks; money supply].  Southeastern Geographer 40 (November): 209-224.

Ziliak, James Patrick, ed.  2012.  Appalachian Legacy: Economic Opportunity After the War on Poverty.  Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.  216 pp.  Tables; maps.  Contents: Introduction: Progress and prospects for Appalachia / James P. Ziliak -- The Appalachian Regional Development Act and economic change / James P. Ziliak -- Inequality and human capital in Appalachia, 1960-2000 / Dan A. Black and Seth G. Sanders -- Family change and poverty in Appalachia / Daniel T. Lichter and Lisa A. Cimbaluk -- Socioeconomic status, child health, and future outcomes: lessons for Appalachia / Janet Currie and Mariesa Herrmann -- Cities, economic development, and the role of place-based policies: prospects for Appalachia / Matthew E. Kahn -- Poverty traps and Appalachia / Steven N. Durlauf.

Zimmerman, Julie N., Sunny (Seonok) Ham, and Sarah Michelle Frank.  2008.  “Does It or Doesn’t It? Geographic Differences and the Costs of Living” [tables].  Rural Sociology 73, no. 3 (September): 463-486.  Eight Ky. counties studied including three in Eastern Ky.